On The Change Of Russian Diplomatic Focus In The Late 19th

On the basis of massive relevant material at home and abroad, under the instruction of Karl Marx’s historical materialistic and dialectical materialism, this paper makes an integrated historical survey of Russian diplomatic focus in late 19 th century, which applies various methods of historical analysis, data analysis, inductive analysis and integrates relevant disciplines knowledge of history, politics, international relations and political psychology. This paper will study the achievement and insufficient of essential transition of Russian diplomatic alliance relationship in Russian diplomatic practice and the influence of Russian foreign policies in the next period, hoping to come to an objective, just and scientific conclusion.The main content of this paper covers following aspects:The first part mainly introduces the historical background of Russian foreign policymaking in late 19 th century. Russia’s historical background analysis mainly focuses on Russian situation(including politics, economy, military and social thought) to explore how the Russian situation in this period influenced its foreign policy. Russian political status and political system decided the determining mechanism and ultimate purposes of foreign policy; Russian economic state decided the national power and national power decided its attitude towards external association; Military might decided the main means in dealing with external relations; Social thought is the direct reflect of public ideology, so public opinion guidance of ethos can influence the trend of foreign policy.International history background analysis mainly focuses on two aspects, the rise of German and its impact, European situation and great power alliance in the late 19 th century. This part will unscramble the external environment and the key problem of Russia’s foreign policy by observing external factors and historical development trend. The rise of German Empire not only contributed to significant change of European geopolitical pattern but also made Russian traditional policy in central Europe confront new choices. Thereafter, Russian foreign policies towards German become top priority. The relationship between Russia and German influenced not only the two countries but also the European situation until the trend of great powers’ alliance came into being in late 19 th century.The second part mainly introduces the specific process of Russian diplomatic focus transition in late 19 th century, which reveals the core idea of Russian foreign policy that its foreign policy serves the absolute advantage of the country and nationality. The guiding principle of Russian foreign policy had always been pragmatic diplomacy for a long time and in that period, it was the inevitable result of pragmatic diplomacy that the relationship between Russia and German became colder and colder, and Russia and France got closer and closer until the formation of Franco-Russian Alliance. There’s one point to notice that in spite of Franco-Russian Alliance, the starting point of the alliance preferred defense to attack. However, it didn’t mean that Russia wanted peace in diplomacy in that period. The war Russia tried to avoid was the conflicts that Russia was uncertain about.The third part makes integrated analysis of the essential transition of Russian diplomatic alliance relationship in late 19 th century. I will summarize Russian foreign policy in that period based on its fundamental orientation and explore how the transition influenced Russian diplomacy before the First World War. At last I will analyze and induce what today’s countries and international organizations should learn from this historical process “essential transition of Russian diplomatic focus in the late 19 th century”.