As we know, the invention and development of optical fiber has brought great influence to our society. Great achievement has been achieved in the field of optical fiber technology in the past years, but there is still capacious space waiting to be exploited in the field. The development of optical fiber and fiber technology are overviewed in this paper. The history of optical fiber development is recalled. Some popular fields of optical fiber technology study and the facing problems in the fields are simply described, which can supply some instructive reference to the investigators. According to the overview of optical fiber technology, the optical fiber theory is deeply studied in order to find an effective solution to settle the problems in fiber technology. Firstly, wave optics of optical fiber is simply summarized. Then the propagation of different kind of fibers is analyzed according to the ray optics. The novel idea that the quantum theory is introduced in the ray optics has been brought forward, and the theory system of quantized ray optics has been primarily constructed in the paper. According to the quantized ray optics, the modes of wave-guide and optical fiber, soliton theory and the fiber coupling are initially studied.
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