Our Country University Institutional Change Factor Analysis Since Founding Of The Nation

The phenomenon of college institutional construction has been increasingly a major concern by the practice of Chinese higher education innovation in the recent years. To create a beneficial environment for college development and to solve the institutional obstructions which have been restricted and affected the development of college for a long time, has been considered the basic propose of college institutional change. However, the lag of current reform of college institutional change in the period of social transition and how to optimize benign institutional change has already been the restrict elements of the institutional change and innovation in our country, which made an adverse influence to the application of college institution.This article thought that the university institution has the academic attribute, administrative attribute and the economical attribute. This article builds an analysis model of university institutional change based on three attributes of the university institution, this paper argues that these three factors, corresponding to knowledge, political and economic, are the three major factors of university institutional change, the university institutional change is the result of interaction between these three factors, and the three attributes are also the concentrated embodiment of the internal university relationship and external social relationship. The university institutional change is the outcome of the game of these three factors. This article holds that the academic attribute is the fundamental attribute of the university institution which plays a fundamental role in the university institutional change. Through analyzing the course of the three changes in the western university institution, this paper explains the ideal type of the university institutional change, that is, university institutional change should be dominated by academic attribute, and co-driven by administrative and economical attribute.This paper analyzes the state of actual condition of Chinese university institutional change since the founding of the People's Republic. It is divided into three parts, the first part is about the adjustment in the 50's of 20th century, the second part is about the comprehensive reform since reform and opening up (1985 -1998), the third part is about the reform under the mass circumstance (1999-2008).The first part mainly analyzes the university institutional change in the 50's of the 20th century with the sign of big university. This article holds that China's university institutional change during this period was kind of top-down mandatory change which was led by politics, the administrative attribute was constantly highlighted, the academic attribute was constantly weakened, and the research functions was lost gradually. As a result of the highly centralized political and economic system after the founding of our country, commodity economy was eliminated; the economical attribute of the university institution could not be expressed. The three attributes of China's university institution during this period were under a state of extreme imbalance, the administrative attribute played a dominant role, and the academic attribute could not be demonstrated as a result of external conditions.The second part mainly analyzes the reform of China's higher education which started in 1985. This article holds that, though the reform during this period was still top-down mandatory change which was led by politics, due to social, political, economic institutional reform, the autonomy of the universities was constantly improved, the establishment and constant improvement of socialist market economy made the administrative attribute weakened, and the academic and economical attributes demonstrated, university institutional change had given birth to induced institutional change based on the needs of the true interests of all parties, but had not really been able to start because of internal and external conditions.The third part mainly analyzes the course of the popularization of higher education since 1999. The popularization during this period is another top-down mandatory change which was led by politics, although this popularization, with material basis, social needs and academic attribute impulse, was the general trend of the development of higher education, this kind of way of reform could not be able to adapt to the requirements of development in the new era, so it caused a lot of issues and had a great impact on the induced institutional change budding generated in the last period. The popularization shift from quantity to quality since 2006 made the academic attribute highlighted again. However, the administrative attribute has not been eliminated. How to establish a mechanism under which the university institution change attributes can interact positively is still an issue we must be faced up with and solve after 30 years of higher education reform.Through explaining and analyzing changes of China's university institution, finally this paper proposes countermeasures to construct China's university institutional change.