Study On Influence Of National Welfare Policy On Oroqin's Economical Development

Social welfare policies are related to interests of people, which is particularly important to China's national minorities. It is not only because the main body of policies towards minorities as well as its embodiment is the social welfare policies which concerns people's daily life, but because most of the area for minorities is poor and underdeveloped, which needs appropriate social policies to protect people's subsistence and development.The social welfare policy of Oroqen nationality started in Qing Dynasty and had gone through three phases: the Qing Dynasty, the Republic of China, liberation to the opening. The Qing's welfare policy included the benefits to military men, the awarding of marten, and the exemption from taxation. The main purpose of the policy was not to encourage its economic development but to encourage them to maintain the power of Qing. The awarding of marten did promote the economy of Eluncun nationality, but it never changed the hunting tradition which had a thousand year history.In the early years of the Republic of China, the main welfare policy was to encourage them to convert from hunting to agriculture, which appeared to be a failure, but it was of great importance in the development of Elunchun's politics and economy. The primitive system collapsed quickly and the gap between the rich and poor appeared, as well as a lot of landowners, such as: Wuyinjishan in Kumaerlu, Baojishan in Kaertongtun, Xifu in Maihaitun, Modingxingge in Bilaerlu, etc. The appearance of the landowners marked the beginning of Elunchun's class society.After the establishment of People's Republic of China, the government emphasized the support to Elunchun and provided great help in its economy, culture, education and medical care. It was the systematic construction of the social welfare, especially the application of supply system to solve their living problems, that ended clan communes. On Sept. 10, 1953, Xinsheng village was established in Aihui County and settlement of Oroqen nationality was realized, which marked a great change from the primitive clan communes to modern life.The welfare policies realized the transition of Oroqen nationality from privative society to modern civilization in a short time, but there are challenges. First, there is a unbalance in the economic development. Most practitioners in minority areas are engaged in the primary industry like agriculture and husbandry; and backwardness of cultivation and management makes the industrious and mining enterprises of the secondary industry provide raw materials in a long-term with old facilities and bad management, which do form neither scale nor system. Second, the living environment was destroyed. The exploitation of forests in Daxing'anling and Xiaoxing'anling brought great benefits to China as well as damages. Population increased rapidly, resources of forests were damaged greatly, and a lot of wild animals were killed, which in turn resulted in floods and grassland deterioration. Third, channels of expressing right and interest do not work effectively. Currently, problems concerning minorities are the economic request by minority groups. With the development of west China and fast growth of China's economy, Oroqen people are still at a loss as to what to do and how to do in daily life and the disadvantaged group is neglected in the re-distribution of resources. Fourth, there is a lack of autonomous right. Oroqen people live in an area abundant in natural resources, but they do not have the right to develop. Fifth, the environment of investment is not good. The most minorities are located in high and frigid area, with inconvenient transportation and ill-informed message. Generally, the environment of investment here far lags behind the eastern developed area and there exists big gap compared with other provinces, which increases the difficulties of the influx of investment and blocks the economic development of minorities.To solve the problem, the author thinks: Firstly, the specific and favorable welfare policies should be changed into the general social security system with regard to the welfare policy of Oroqen nationality. Secondly, to alleviate poverty, developing folklore tourism of Oroqen nationality could be a choice. The study on the destiny of minorities is related to a group of people as well as the basic right of life and development of a group of people of disadvantaged community. Although minority people differ in adaption to the environment, generally, their life condition and the future development tendency, to great extent, are determined by the influence of environment change of modern society. In order to create objective development condition of minorities, above all, the period of adaption to the new environment should be ensured; then the natural resources on which minority relies and activity space should be guaranteed; finally, their pride in culture should be strengthened by developing their language and arts. Thirdly, policy-based loans and non-public ownership economy should be greatly developed; the economy should be diversified and the economic structure should be optimized. In the past, due to neglect of non-public ownership economy, Oroqen nationality went through many twists and turns. To see whether a place is developing at a fast speed, to great extent, is determined by the indirect impetus of non-public ownership economy. Therefore, Oroqen nationality should try to create an environment for the development of non-public ownership economy and regulate some support policies. Fourthly, educational welfare by strengthening their own internal capacity should be advocated. In order to improve the cultural quality of Oroqen nationality and protect the cultural traditions and customs of Oroqen nationality, we should pay respect for their traditions and customs and consider their reality, and then promote their own development through their own efforts, cultivate both students and teacher and efficiently carry out the nationality welfare policy of school faculty.To improve the welfare system doesn't mean simply give support, that is, giving their great welfare needs them to know the reason that children should have self-esteem, self-reliance and self-improvement by education and enhance their sense of national identity. As the saying goes,"God helps those who help themselves", only when Oroqen nationality hold the sense of their national identity, work hard and be self-reliance can their excellent culture not disappear, instead, it will become their unique characteristics and turn into the eternal power of living as a nation.