Research On The Selection Of Basic Patterns Of Evaluation To Student Assessment

With the further practice of the national curriculum reformation on elementary education, student assessment has been hot topic which the fundamental research personnel and the general school teachers are caring about. The nature of the assessment is value judgment, and in order to make the value judgment, the basic form of the judgment must be decided. Through a series of analysis, this article defines the basic form of the value judgment of the student assessment as two kinds of basic patterns: the control--quantification and the observation--understanding. The current reform of the student assessment becomes the bottleneck of the elementary education curriculum. How to carry out the two big dimensions of student assessment, the students' performance and the comprehensive evaluation of students' quality, becomes both the center of people's consideration and the big problem to be solved. The student's basic knowledge and skills can be better assessed by the traditional tests or other means emphasizing quantization. However, modern society emphasizes one's overall ability which consists of communication, cooperation and public behaviors. And the assessment of these abilities becomes the tough problem. One can not ignore the reality that any assessment method is relative. One way must be chosen that can differentiate the students while encourage them to develop comprehensively. From the real practice of the student's assessment, many problems have arisen concerning the choice and the procedure of the assessment. Actually, the focus of these problems is the application of the proper assessment pattern. And this paper is the study of this problem from the methodological point of view.It was written under the inspiration of the two basic patterns of educational research. In order to avoid the arguments about the use of the relative terms, this paper first make certain the term for the student's basic assessment pattern, and then go on the study. The philosophical basis of the two basic assessment patterns is analyzed. The philosophical basis for the control--quantification pattern is positivism, while the observation--understanding pattern is influenced by many philosophical thoughts, mainly existentialism and the study of phenomenon.In order to better conduct the research on the selection of basic patterns of evaluation to student assessment,In this paper, we have chosen the angle from a historical, research and practice to research. Through analysis, the basic patterns of evaluation to student assessment has undergone a process from observation--understanding which is the initial embryonic to control--quantification and then to based on a combination of both process with historical perspective. Then from the perspective of two big dimensions that is the students' performance and the comprehensive evaluation of students' quality analysis the choice tendency in previous research achievements and practices. And we discovery that, in the students' performance they mainly use observation--understanding pattern as the guiding ideology and researched on the scientific style of control-- quantification pattern and advocate a combination of both; in the comprehensive evaluation of students' quality, they advocate the use of observation--understanding pattern, but they also study and practice the way of combination to control--quantification. They hope that it will promote the comprehensive development of students and if necessary it can achieve the selection function. However, how to reflect better on the track of student's historical development still needs to be strengthened.It is important to understand the problems that arose in practice, which is the basis of in-depth study. In order to understand the reality of the situation, in this paper, we chose the questionnaire as the form of the survey. The content of the questionnaire broads masses of teachers and students of primary and secondary school, which is in order to know their selection attitudes. Investigations revealed that, the current students' performance is mainly used control--quantification pattern in a greater extent. In the comprehensive evaluation of students' quality, observation--understanding pattern has been used and promotion. In addition, a little difference in the basic attitude of the selection of basic patterns of evaluation to student assessment between teachers and students. However, there are some different attitudes in different sex, teaching age, teaching subjects, the school level and whether he is the class in charge between teachers. There are also some differences in different sex, school levels and the position of student achievement between students in the choice of some items.On the basis of the theory and practice, this paper studies the general principles and strategy of the selection of basic patterns of evaluation to student assessment. It should pay attention to follow five principles, which is the development principle, the difference principle, the principle of operational, the scientific principle and the effectiveness principle. And the specific choose strategies include: Clear the purpose of the evaluation and build a "problem centre" choice mechanism. Learn from useful experiences of others, and establish "Contingency" Ideological choice. Consult widely, Implementation the "gradualist" the principle of choice. By modern tools, it may achieve the organic combination of two basic patterns.