Comparative Study On Population Urbanization And Economic Development Between The Western United States And Western China

The issue of population urbanization has been paid close attention by many experts and scholars of our country in recent years. Especially since from the party of "The 16th National Congress", development of western regions has been emphasis many times by the Central Party Committee which is headed by the General Secretary Hu. All provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions of the western region of our country regards the advancing population urbanization as an important strategy to promote the development of local economics and society clearly too. Although the development of western regions having obtained certain achievement and the western regional economy is being developed fast, the newest statistics reveal the competence of population urbanization in western regions turn into 35.70% in 2006, obviously lower than east and middle part; this has influenced industrialization and economic development of the western region to a certain extent.Likewise the western region, there are very successful population urbanization experiences in the west part of U.S.A. U.S.A. is one of the minority countries which reach the high level population urbanization in the world at the present stage. As far back as the beginning of the 19th century, U.S.A. began to change its society from rural to urban. Flourishing development and constant enlargement of domestic market demand of American industry, make the urban quantity increase rapidly in U.S.A., the city size is expanded gradually. Especially in middle at later periods of the 19th century, the U.S. government promoted the development of the western region by various policies and measures, have attracted a large number of national population and migration of foreign population, make its economy increase fast, the city size is further developed, urban population is increasing constantly, the urbanization level of population is being improved constantly. Entered the 20th century, the urbanization levels of people in the west of U.S.A. were fast more growing, already been more than 80% by the 1990s, has occupied world top. So study the process of population urbanization of U.S.A., especially U.S. government effective measure taken among population urbanization process, have important reference meanings in improving the west population urbanization levels of our country.While studying population urbanization process, we will see the close relationship between the urbanization level of population and economic growth level, the interaction of two, influence each other. The economic growth has facilitation of turning towards to the population urbanization level.This text divides four parts to explain and analyze. Part one is the summaries of urbanization and population urbanization. The author has explained in this part what is the urbanization, what is the population urbanization, and urbanization that define comes in terms of different angle such as demographic, sociology and economics. The urbanization includes a lot of respects, is not merely the course of population gathering constantly from countryside to the city, but the urban life style spreads outwards; Not only the improvement of the living standard, also include transition of the life style ,etc.The author directs against the definition of the population urbanization more disputes of domestic experts and scholars at present, questions such as urban population's statistics bore, the choice of the urbanization route and scale of the city ,etc. have been explained and put forward my own view. Meanwhile, I still in summarizing the foundation of forefathers' research results, make the development course of our country population urbanization into five stages:" fast develop"," over-speed develop"," reverse development"," slowly drop" and " grow at top speed". To study different periods of population urbanization development course facilitates understanding about population urbanization of our country better, establish the foundation for the latter research of this text.Part two compared the population urbanization process of the west of China and the United States, mainly include three respects. Firstly, the introduction about population urbanization process of west China. Having introduced the west urbanization current situation of our country, studies have suggested, the whole urbanization level of west of our country is obviously lower than the east, middle part at the present stage. Through five stages, come to explain the population urbanization process of the western region of our country. Secondly, the population urbanization process in the west of U.S.A. U.S.A. is through the economy of three periods and development of urbanization, its western population urbanization levels have already reached world top. Third part is the comparative analysis on the population urbanization process between two countries. Through analysis between China and the United States' relevant data, we can see U.S.A. until " westward movement" urbanization developing stage of population later on, have as the very much similarity with population urbanization of the present stage of west of our country, also there is farther each characteristic of going. The western city's development of U.S.A. and our country is all limited by geography and environmental factors; There are vast regions and abundant resources; In the population urbanization course, development and population migration of the communications and transportation have all played the function that can't be ignored on the western development. And at the same time, U.S.A. is different from our country, U.S.A. has loose household register systems; Abundant competition mechanism of market; Industrial structure of the munificent government incentive policy and suitable for with economic development degree, all these make economy of the west of U.S.A. fast growing, ones that attracts a large amount of population from other places are moved into, the urbanization level of population is promoted very fast. Compared with U.S.A., the population urbanization level of ours is having very great disparity.Part three is the correlation of population urbanization level and the economic growth between U.S.A and our country. From the data of per capital GDP which represent the economic growth level and the population urbanization of China and U.S.A., the return fit analysis results reveal the urbanization level of population and per capital GDP have high positive correlation relations. In general, a country (district) Economic growth, the economic development level has been improved, will make city's infrastructure construction more complete, can hold more population, and attract more population to flow into, especially the surplus rural labor force moves in, thus make the urbanization level of population improved. On the contrary, country (district) Population urbanization the competent can have lasted economic growth since side too.Part four is the enlightenment of the western population urbanization of our country from the west of U.S.A. that is put forward on the foundation of aforesaid analysis, include the policy of strengthening and guide efforts, accelerate the system reform of the household register, improve the urbanization and gather ability, pay attention to promoting urban energy, solve workforce's employment problem and pay attention to rural problem. From the enlightenment, summarize the experience of the west U.S.A., great advantage will be take in development to population urbanization of west of our country.