Study On Unbalanced Compulsory Education In Urban And Rural Areas Of Zhongxian County

The problem of unbalanced compulsory education between urban and rural areas appears to be very prominent Zhongxian, which is not only one of the major resettled counties due to the Three Gorges Project, but also an important county of the Chongqing city-funded poverty alleviation program. However, under the influence of the established "city preferable" public policy, public education resources are not distributed equally in urban and rural areas. Urban areas possess most of the high-quality education resources, resulting in the serious unbalanced development of compulsory education and consequently causing great disparities between urban and rural areas in the residents' rights, obligations and conditions to receive education, the opportunity to have successful education and the ultimate education effects. These problems have not only hindered the realization of the commonwealth and equality of compulsory education, but also restricted the harmonious social and economic development of the county.According to system theory and public product theory, geographic conditions, economic foundations, social-cultural atmosphere and historical "dual structure" are all among the innate factors of the unbalanced development in Zhongxian county's compulsory education. The once-prevailing unfair government policy, which was characterized with inadequate education funding, constitutes the acquired deficiency. These two innate and acquired factors have collaboratively resulted in "the Matthew effect" of vicious circle and the present great disparity between urban and rural areas. La this sense, the essential problem of the unbalanced development lies in the inequality of education resources. In other words, the underdeveloped compulsory education of rural areas results from the poverty of education resources. The above-mentioned innate education resource inadequacy cannot be solved in the near future, but equal distribution of public resources is within the capacity of the local government. We thus hold that the establishment and implement of equal public policy is the comer-stone to solve the problems in the long-term and dynamic process of promoting equal and balanced compulsory education in urban and rural areas. Therefore, in order to promote balanced development of compulsory education, it is necessary to increase the support for rural schools and "regurgitation-feed" rural education; to adjust the structure of teacher resources and establish a dynamic system of exchanging teachers in rural and urban areas; to further promote modern long-distance education project and enable students of both urban and rural areas to share high-quality education resources; to enhance the system of financial support for poor children of the school age and ensure their right to receive education; to perfect the supervisory and evaluating institutions and direct schools to rectify their education orientations; to make use of the resources in colleges and universities to promote the compulsory education in such poverty-stricken areas, to encourage diversification in running schools, and to equally distribute and regulate all the social education resources.