The Study Into The Different Content Of Anti-Japanese War Developed In History Teaching Since 1980s

For China, the War of Resistance against Japan is the only war of complete victory over foreign aggressions since modern times. China paid an enormous sacrifice. From the incident of Lu Gou Qiao in 1937 to the end of the Resistance War in 1945, there were 21 million Chinese soldiers and civilians dead or wounded, and direct economic losses reached as high as 100 billion dollars. Through eight years of bitter fighting, China made a great victory in the Anti-Japanese War. Thus followed the improvement of China's international status unprecedentedly. She abolished most of the unequal treaties signed since modern times, Taiwan got back to our motherland, and Chins became the permanent member of the United Nations. The Anti-Japanese War becomes a turning point in China's modern history. It contributes much to carrying on the patriotism education for teenagers.In recent years, the Sino-Japanese relation is both complicated and full of conflicts. It has something to do with the historical and realistic factors, especially the length of history involving the Anti-Japanese War. In a sense, how to deal with historical problems concerns the relationship between China and Japan in the future. Therefore, historical lessons in middle school, which are an important component of the basic education, are necessary as far as to form the proper outlook on the Anti-Japanese War. Only in this way can the teenagers consider the Sino-Japanese relations nowadays and in the future impersonally, rationally and comprehensively.On the on hand, the importance of Anti-Japanese War is self-evident; on the other, the history book on this length of war is not enough: it pays little attention to this phase of history. However, irrational hatred for Japan universally exists. This thesis attempts to begin with the evolvement of the Anti-Japanese War in the history teaching in junior middle school, study into the different content of Anti-Japanese War developed in history teaching since 1980s, and analyze the reasons for those differences. In the end, it summarizes the experience of history teaching of the War of Resistance since 1980s, in order to offer some standards of compiling the history textbook, thus we can carry on the teaching of the history of War of Resistance better.The thesis holds the point of view that, the evolvement of the Anti-Japanese War in the history teaching in junior middle school since 1980s mainly manifests in the following aspects.Firstly, there is a change in expressing the crime of aggression against China by the Japanese troops. Japan's crime of aggression against China in history textbooks account for an increasing proportion gradually; the narration develops from simplification to a three-dimensional one in order to represent the crime in an all-round way; the statement is also changed to specification from abstract, further more ocular.Secondly, the battlefront of the War of Resistance is revealed more and more directly step by step; an evolvement of different words also appears.Thirdly, there is also a changing process in the cooperation and conflict between Kuomintang and the Communist Part during the War time. Their cooperation, instead of conflicts, sticks out gradually.Fourthly, conflicts between the governance of the Kuomintang and construction of the base areas behind the enemy lines are dying away. The two Parties are to serve the common theme of Anti-Japanese War gradually.Fifthly, Anti-Japanese War of China and Anti-Fascist War of the world are beginning to be connected. Stress on the aid to China is shifted from the socialist camp to reflecting the overall situation accurately; at the same time the role China played in the Anti-Fascist War becomes international.As to the reasons for the evolvement, the thesis elaborates on the following aspects:Firstly, the new achievement in historiography reveals historical truth. Since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of our Party, with the opening of the academic thought, studies on Anti-Japanese War has presented a prosperous situation. The greatly widened subjects to choose and the constant deepening of the contents for studies bring about more and more just and sound and more assessments, which all seek truth from facts.Secondly, the change of social environment resulted from the new achievements in historiography studies gives rise to the government's view and appraisal on the history of the War of Resistance finally.Thirdly, Japan attempts all means to deny all crimes committed during that phase of history, such as Textbook incident, Yasukuni Shrine incident, Japan destroying chemical weapons abandoned in China, Japan trying to be a permanent member of the UN, and so on. Those issues made Chinese have to pay more attention to the teaching of the Anti-Japanese War.Finally, there is also a change in the view of education on history. The change of value orientation of education on history, paying close attention to students' need, and constructing the knowledge system which accords with middle school students' cognitive level and studies are becoming popular.In view of the above studies and on the basis of the Anti-Japanese War teaching system, this thesis proposes the following views: we should take a national stand to teach; we should realize the importance of unity for a nation and a country; we should advocate the significance of victory over the Anti-Japanese War and educate the middle school students with the victory spirit of the war. In this way, we can help to establish a rational patriotism in history teaching.