Counter-school Culture: A Social Cause Of Academic Failure

Implemented with qualitative methods, this text is a research paper on academic failure from the angle of students' Counter-School Culture.There're many researches on academic failure and Counter-School Culture in foreign countries and the objects include both students of successful academy and of failure academy. Generally, the successful academy has a positive relevance with Pro-school Culture, while the relationship between academic failure and Counter-School Culture is still obscure. In our country, although exists many fruitful researches on academic failure, the work on the relationship between Counter-School Culture and academic failure is just at the beginning and the base of theory and empirical research is relatively weak.Taking the researcher myself as the studying tool and the students' daily life as the focus, I choose a junior high school class in Shanghai as an individual case in this article. Adopting strategies including observation and interview, the researcher goes deep into the scenario and observes the activities of all students in this class at school, ranging over all aspects of the campus life, such as classroom teaching, individual guidance, regulation, activity participation, and movements in the break. At first, the type, way, reason and nature of students' Counter-School Culture are studied. The formative stages of academic failure are analyzed next and the relationship between academic failure and Counter-School Culture at last.Counter-School Culture can be divided into five types, which are playing type, rebelling type, apathetic type, perfunctory type and critical type. Among them, only the critical type resists actively. The other four kinds are negative resistance and most of those in these types are academic failure students. The formation of academic failure has experienced three stages, namely, the ego defense stage, the publicly resist stage and the stage of giving up himself. Among these stages the nature of sequence, stability and complication exist. The main objection of Counter-School Culture is school institution and teacher's authority instead of school's aim. The nature of stage and unsteady appears for there're various methods to resist and different class get different methods. The inappropriate educating way of parents and students arise students' resistance and impede their success on learning. Counter-School Culture is not definitely the only way to determine academic failure, but only one of the elements. As one of the social cause to determine academic failure, Counter-School Culture has the possibility to be enhanced by academic failure. They interact as the cause and effect partly. Teacher should examine the academic failure students with the character of Counter-School Culture objectively and comprehend students, give them positive guidance and improve the educating techniques.