School Voucher In America And Its Enlightenment To Educational Reform In China

In the 1950th, American Economist Milton Friedman put forward a kind of reform strategy based on market School Vouchers. Its meaning is that government changes educational tuition into School Vouchers and offers them to students. By using it, parents can let their children study in any school not limited by districts. School collects School Vouchers and from government changes them into cashes to pay for the education cost. Marketplace strategy, standard school strategy and the whole school strategy are three approaches to school reform which are competing each other.The paper introduces School Voucher's history and its political, economical and educational background. By introducing Milton Friedman's School Voucher in detail, it explains School Voucher's practical model, corn opinions: equity and efficiency, and competing, which is the method. It also introduces its practical operation in the U.S.A. and in the world. Addressing to some worried in operation, for example: what can School Voucher buy, the relationship between School voucher and tuition and so on, the author makes a comparative research among four cities. Then it introduces the Charter School, which is the School Voucher's decedent and analyzes why School Voucher wasn't commonly used in the U.S.A.After fifty years, it appears in China and is enforced in Chang'Xing, Zhe'jiang province. Its name and some ideas are from the U.S.A. But it is different in the background, course, act and method in operation. Complying with the ZheJiang's circumstance, supplying education resources, giving private education the same treatment and coordinating senior and profession education, ChangXing first enforced School Voucher to help private and professioneducation. One year later, in order to help poor students, ChangXing enforced Poor Students School Voucher. Different country's situation makes it have some Chinese character. The purpose of CHangXing's School Voucher is to improve education equity. It also needs a little competition. But in essential, it is different from the USA's School Voucher. In some degree, ChangXing's School Voucher involves in a little equity. It doesn't mention School Voucher's another opinion: Efficiency. The ChangXing School Voucher's competing mechanism to resolve equity and efficiency more depends government directly, not giving the true optional rights to parents and students. Comparing two School Vouchers, we can know Changxing's School Voucher is transparent operation, but the USA's School Voucher is more reasonable operation. It will become ChangXing's School Voucher's trend. Now, except three School Vouchers enforced in Changxing, there are another kinds of School Vouchers. They are used to resolve some controversy appearing in educational development. Its function is also been broaden. ChangXing's school Voucher is from the U.S.A.'s, at the same time, the U.S.A.'s is helpful to Chinese School Voucher. This paper analyzes some kinds of school vouchers which have been enforced in some place of China and gives other kinds of function of school voucher which will be used in the future .The author hopes that the enforcement of school vouchers can resolve some actual problems of education development.