| The differences in students exist objectively and can't be removed In the class contacts , the differences have a vast reservoir of teaching resources , which can be developed and utilized. Actually, the deviation in knowing about the differences lead to a vast waste in teaching resources . Recently , the research makes clear that Cooperative Instruction is one of the methods to exploit the differences resourcesFrom ancient times, the idea of cooperation has been existed. But it has been studied in education system since 1940S'. In 1970S', Cooperative Learning was popular in America . At the end of 1980S', Cooperative Pedagogy came to its apex in Anti-Soviet. At the begining of 1990S', the Chinese educational workers advanced a new theory about Cooperative Instruction based on studying and using the achievements of other countries.Up to now , the definition of Cooprative Instruction isnot very clear . In our opinion, it is an action that the studentswho are in different quality learning groups , study together , help each other forward to get a conunon gool , and is a teaching method to get award or approvement according to the group's success.In contents and forms , the mutual action in Cooperative Instruction is very different from the traditional method . It is a Kind of adtanced and scientific idea , which include many action forms , such as teachers-* students , teachers and studentsteachers and the learning groups , students and students and teachers and teachers . It focuses on developing and exploiting the human resources in education . It is also the key to tap the resources of students differencesTeachers and students build an equal , democratic and cooperative relations in Cooperative Instruction . It is assured that students have plenty of time to discuss . Students at different levels can get inspiration and help from each other.There are 3 conditions in students' relations , they are cooperation , competition and individuality . The study of Slavin(1991) said the cooperation is the most helpful for students' development.Cooperative Instruct ion use standard reference to appraise1students It requires students make progress but not successThis way to award and approve students according to group's success forms a new pattern, that students cooperate in a group, but compete in different groups The development of the resources of students differences can be benefit from this pattern.In the early days , we must strengthen to train students technical ability to cooperate and associate . Firstly , we should propagat the meaning of studying and using association abilityAnd then , we must get students know the kinds of technical abilities and how to use them . Up to they can handle the ability skilfully, students must practise using it repeatedly, and usually review and examine their using technique.The principle to divide groups is to put a learning team together , in which students have the same quality . The relatively stable learning teams are based on students rational differences, such as their results of study , their sex , psychological quality and their family background . But the master levels among each teams are identical.As organizing students to the Cooperative Instruction , the teacher must creacte an equal , democratic and cooperative learning atmosphere . At the same time , he must have the excellent association and regulation ability . Then it comes to reality that students take part in and cooperate and learn from each other amplyThe learning task must be team assignment , which can't be finished unless the whole group cooperate . In addition, two kinds of action methods can be used in line with the task's difficulty and quality , that are from top to bottom and from bottom to top.In order to understand students' learning situation in this method , we must introduce an important sector , that is feedback correction . We must collect their learning information and give them the necessary help immediatly It is an assurement to student... |
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