Research On The Reform In University's Education Between 1949 And 1952

In May 1949, the army troops of CCP garrisoned shanghai and declared its "liberation". Then, the new regime started to take over the enterprise and public institutions under the domination of previous Kuomintang. Because of the restriction of the manpower, physical and financial recourses, the new regime did not completely take over the private universities just as the public universities, and allowed them to maintain private state. However, the private universities can't change the destiny of being remolded, which was the same as the public universities.It was very important that the reform in the universities between 1949 and 1952 established the orientation of the Chinese higher education, and took on its historical character at the same time. In terms of reform in teaching, it was mainly reflected as follows. First, with the strong intervention of the new regime, the ideological and political curricula which aimed at promoting the new ideology and changing students' thought were set up generally in universities, as the main teaching tasks, and gradually became routinization. Second, with the opening of the new ideological and political curricula, humanities and social sciences began to go along with the new ideology or be closed with the politics. Third, natural sciences not only should critic "purely technical" and "ultra-political", but also started to embark on the road of utilitarianism on the aspect of the curricula, that was to say, whether the curriculum was practical or not became the measure standard of its value.On the process of the teaching reform, the new regime, the university, the teachers and students launched a game, in which various conflicts intertwined. However, the general trend was that the new regime became more and more powerful, the school side, the teachers and students more and more vulnerable. Eventually, the former chose to launch the political campaign in universities, and the latter had to surrender unconditionally. By this political campaign, private universities were permanently revoked, while public universities dominated the world, formed the basic pattern of higher education in China.