Research On The Effect Of Ethnic Group Welfare Policies To The National Identification Of Hezhen Ethnic Group

Hezhen Ethnic Group is one of the smallest population ethnic group. It's said Hezhen ethnic group separated from the Nuzhen, whose oldest ancestors were Sushen people. As the strong similarity in language, origin, social group and life custom, these four ethnic groups: Hezhen, Oroqen, Ewenki and Daur are always called"Tunguska people" by western scholars. Compared transversely with other countries'ethnics, we can find that Nanai ethnic in Russia were Hezhen people who were separated under the special historical conditions. During the long time, Hezhen people and Nanai people could not get together, however, what's amazing is Hezhen ethnic was not messed as they thought. Contrarily, Hezhen people get stronger identification to our country. We can't help asking: what factors maintained the long-term stability? What factors promoted Hezhen people's dependence and identification to our country?Through studying on historical documents and actual surveys, we found every government's series of ethnic welfare policies are important keys to Hezhen people'identification. Before Hezhen'name was established, Hezhen has formed clear ethnic self-identification. They seriously separated themselves with other ethnics without any knowledge of government or country. After Manchu established its government, Qing took compulsory measures to the frontier regions. Besides military force, Qing also took pacify measures to Hezhen people, which formed their identification to Qing. On the other hand, Qing didn't loosen the usual management, the system of present tribute enhanced Hezhen people's identification, which became their usual habits and an important element. Applying the"one multi-nation"theory of Professor Fei Xiao tong, although every ethnic has its own lifestyle and customs, but, as one member of China, we are one. In the mid and late periods of Qing, the government used more measures to lasso Hezhen people, which included offering office positions, marrying girls to Hezhen people, offering slaves. All these measures enhanced Hezhen's identification to Qing.After Qing, China was in a chaotic domestic situation, Hezhen people's lives were also hard. But non of these weaken Hezhen'identification to our country, but against the aggressors more strongly. After the founding of People's Republic of China, with the principles of every ethnic's equal development, the government took more welfare policies to Hezhen, which included education, medicals, production and daily life and others. In this time, Hezhen people's identification to our country raised to cultural level from political level.During the period of surveying, we surprisingly find that Hezhen's life is almost the same with other ethnics: They speak in Chinese, they wear Chinese closes, they celebrate Chinese festivals, they marry to Chinese. Almost every Hezhen person says that they don't feel different from other ethnics and they have the same feeling to other ethnic people. Asked about the series of ethnic welfare policies, they all said, although it's a little unfair to other ethnics, but they think they can understand. They specially hope out government can support Hezhen's development and don't let their cultures disappear. They also expressed government's series of welfare policies make them would like to be one of Hezhens. We can find that the series of welfare policies is so important to support small ethnic's development and enhanced their identification.To sum up, the series of welfare policies of every government in our history played a very important part to Hezhen's identification. Whit Qing'military and other policies, we can't sure if Hezhen people still stayed in our country; Without Qing's policies of presenting tribute, we can't sure if Hezhen area are already a mess; Without out new country's series of welfare policies, we can't sure if Hezhen culture can last and if Hezhen population can proliferated.Right now, there are scarcely documents about this topic. On one hand, this article is a pioneering one; On the other hand, this article has lots of defects. This article analysis the Effect of Ethnic Group Welfare Policies to the National Identification of Hezhen Ethnic Group, which is significant to Hezhen and other minor ethnics. We hope our government can support their development and save their cultures. So, this article does not significant in theory, and also in practice. I hope more people support their studies to this topic and contribute more to our country and fifty-six ethnics.