The Establishment And Variation Of KMT's System Of "Political Party Leading The Army" (1924-1928)

The establishment of "political party leading the army" has been an important event in the course of China's revolution.The model of political party leading the army is unique and basic framework,which is important in the development of China's political system in 20^th century.It originated from Army-Founding of Huang Pu Military Institution and was created by Sun Yat-sen.Then Communist Party of China(CPC) perfected this model in the China's Great Revolution.The formation of idea about "political party leading the army" and its practice is basic content of summing constantly up experience and lessons by the revolutionary partisan headed by Sun Yat-sen in Long-term practice of revolutionary struggle and their continuously developing idea of military struggle.At that time,the Soviet Union (SU) and the CPC not only inspired and guided the formation of the idea about "political party leading the army",more importantly,they also played an important role in the course of establishing "political party leading the army" system and its practice running.With the help of the SU and The CPC,Sun Yat-sen's "political party leading the army" idea continue to be inherited,practiced and developed by his successor of Kuomintang(KMT) after his death.KMT leaded by Sun Yat-sen finally got an army with absolute obedience to party by establishing "political party leading the army" which provided an example to KMT for reforming the old armies.With the consecutive victory of Northern Expedition,differentiation within the KMT and the failure of KMT-CPC cooperation,the situation of "devolution of military power" and "strong army and weak party" emerged in KMT.The relationship between party and army of KMT experienced three stages.The different development route of relationship between army and party in KMT and CPC showed that the control on army realized by infusing with political creed was the key facto r for party to run the army effectively.At last,the system of "political party leading the army" has begun to change from "command the armies by the Kuomintang" to "command the Kuomintang by the armies" in the late of China's Great Revolution.Sun Yat-sen's idea about "political party leading the army" including political party leading the army and commanding the armies by the KMT has reversed in its nature. Nevertheless,the historical influence of idea's establishment and practice is still indelible.It played an important role of adjusting the Civil-Military Relations, reforming army system and constructing modern army strength,removing rival principalities and accomplishing unity.The idea made an extensive and far-reaching impact on China's revolution and the development of China's armed forces.This thesis includes five parts as follow.In the preface,the first part of the thesis,its major content was summarized and theory foundation for following discussion was established.Specifically,in this part the author introduced background for researching idea and system of "political party leading the army" and the theme on it,and research methods were used in this thesis.In the first chapter,the second part of the thesis,author comprehensively reviewed and summarized the course of the formation of idea about "political party leading the army" and its evolution,and analyzed enlightenment of the Soviet revolution on Sun Yat-sen.In the second chapter,the third part of the thesis,author deeply analyzed the establishment and development of "political party leading the army" system,and focused on the basic structure of system running and the core of the concept about paying equal attention to political and military.On this basis,author reviewed the changing of "political party leading the army" system from "command the armies by the Kuomintang" to "command the Kuomintang by the armies".In the third chapter,the forth part of the thesis,author evaluated "political party leading the army" system and analyzed the impact of idea and system of "political party leading the army" on the CPC's concept of the military system.In conclusion,the basic opinion and argument of the thesis was summarized and refined in its endThe author studies on the establishment of "political party leading the army" and its practice in this thesis,and does research into the background in which idea about "political party leading the army" formatted,the process of establishing its system,the characteristics of system's structure and its evolution later.The author tries to restore objectively the original appearance of idea about "political party leading the army" and its practice in history,and evaluate objectively its development in a historical perspective.