| As a big agricultural country, China has witnessed a stagnant growth in the farmers' income and a widening gap between the incomes in rural and urban areas over years; the problem of the "Agriculture, Farmers and Countryside" has drawn wide attention from the public again. A comprehensive analysis finds that scarce, untimely and distorted information, resulting from the lagging behind of the rural information service system especially the problem of the "Last One Kilometer" of information service, has become the bottleneck to constrain the growth in agricultural benefits, farmers' incomes and rural economic development. To settle the above will be of great importance to the coordinated development of urban and rural economy, the narrowing of the "Digital Gap" between urban and rural areas and the agricultural modernization, where the significance of this paper lies. This paper has analysed the current situation and the development trend of domestic and overseas rural information service systems. Relatively mature systems have been established in some countries with their research focusing on such concrete technologies as database and network, intensive agriculture, experts' system and dummy agriculture; domestic discussions on this issue focus on the understanding of connotation and extension, the division of historical development phases and the general researches of development strategies while lacking the research of deep-rooted issues such as the comprehensive evaluation methods of the system, rural network extension, information distribution, information standardization and the growth of rural information market. This paper has deeply analyzed the main factors to constrain the development of the system, such as the absence of government's public administration over and services to rural information, inadequate support from public financial resources, the drawbacks of the agricultural management system, and the low standardization of agricultural information. Also based on the theory of public policies, this paper has analyzed the institutional arrangement of China's present unbalanced supply system of urban and rural public products, which leads to the severe shortage of rural public products especially information products; in light of the basic theory of informatics, it has analyzed the service positioning of the giver and the taker of rural information services; in terms of economics, it has analyzed the governments' lacking foresight in investment due to the time externality of the development of rural information service system as well as the governments in underdeveloped regions curbing investment due to its space externality.By applying the fundamentals of systems theory and starting from the components of rural information service systems, this research uses the experts' consultation to select and set up a complete indicator system that can reflect the development and benefits of the software and hardware of rural information service systems comprehensively, while fixing the weightings of the criterion group and the indicator group on the basis of AHP method.In the strategic analysis, this paper, based on a combination of theoretical and empirical studies, has got to be the first that brings forward the five characteristics of the wide serving areas, the complex clients' groups, the multi-level service functions, the comprehensive extension elements and the diversified distribution forms in the extension of the rural information networks, as well as who will be responsible for the development of networks extension and whom this extension will serve; also it is the first that establishes eight kinds of agricultural information distribution modes domestically; and it brings forward the longitudinally-dominant and transversely-supplementary strategy of the development of agricultural information resources, the system of the classification and coding system of agricultural information, the functions and characteristics of rural information markets, etc..In conclusion, this pa...
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