Government's Goal: Choosing Between Equity And Efficiency Like A Pendulum

Government's goal is guided by the government and it is divided into passively making government's goal and actively making government's goal. We call that making goal passively, when there is a great distance between the realities and demands, which led to people's strong dissatisfy, government have to change its goal. Making goal actively is a method which government changes its goal actively when it felt its goal was not fit for the changing of the social's environment. This paper makes a conclusion that with the passing of the time and changing of social's environment, government made it's goal between equity and efficiency just like a pendulum through analyzing unity - of - opposites of equity and efficiency and reviews history of western capitalism. At the same time, this paper want to use the conclusion to explain the phenomenon of Chinese government goal's changing and demonstrate our government how to makes the next goal, which will help make government's goal actively and reduce the factors leading to social instability and conflicts led by distance between social's needs and government present goal.The first chapter of this paper advances that concepts and content of government's goal, and then sums simply up present concepts of equity and efficiency and delimits the definitions of equity and efficiency. On this base, it argues on current theories about government how to choose its goal between equity and efficiency in academy field.The second chapter of this paper raises up the unity - of- opposites of equity and efficiency, and forms the pendulum theory. On this base, it holds the view that government will change its goal between equity and efficiency according to the different social's environment. At last of this chapter, it analyze the economic factors, political factors and cultural factors that influence government making its goal.The third chapter analyzes by case and reviews the evolution of government's goal in the developing process of capitalism and compares horizontally several countries combinative condition of equity and efficiency. And then it makes aconclusion that there is necessity of equity and efficiency alternative appearance as government's goal and equity and efficiency promotes each other.The last chapter of this paper analyzes on the reasons why our government changed its politics from laying particular stress on equity since founding the state to feifflciency conies first, balance equity Then it describes the actual situation of equity and efficiency and points out the necessity of government changing its goal. It also raises up the corresponding measures.