A Study Of The Services Of Khalkha Four Leagues In The Late Qing Dynasty

Starting from the late of the 17th century, the Qing government implemented leagues and banners system at Khalkha Mongol as Inner Mongolia, and the herdsmen were the most important sources of military strength. At the same time, they were the important service holders of Qing government and undertook kinds of human and materials'offer. In the late of the 19th century, both of the leagues and banners and the country internal and external complicated environment, the services of Khalkha four leagues were even harder. This thesis study the services of Khalkha four leagues in this period, and try to show that the services of special times reflected the deep changes of society. This thesis consists of three parts:introduction, main body and conclusion. The introduction comprises significance to the subject, relevant researches, innovations and the sources of materials and related instructions. The main body includes four chapters. Chapter one, "the formation of Khalkha four leagues and the general situation of its services", summarizes the course of formation of the Khalkha four leagues and its service system. Chapter two, "the internal and external situation in the years of Guangxu and military service", analysis the internal and external situations in the years of Guangxu, and elaborate the military service of Khalkha four leagues in this period. Chapter three, "the other services of Khalkha four leagues", discusses the other services of Khalkha four leagues besides military service in the years of Guangxu. Chapter four, "the reason of variation of services of Khalkha four leagues in the late Qing dynasty", inquires into the services and its variation and reveals the influence to the society of Khalkha. Conclusion summarizes the thesis.