The Research Of The Improvement Of Zhili Province's Private Schools In The Late Qing Dynasty And Early Repubic Of China

In 1901, the Qing Government was forced by the situation promulgated the Decree of establish schools to meet the need of nurturing talents. In January 1904 the Qing Government enacted the "Guimao school system" and began a nationwide large-scale movement of establish schools. However, due to insufficient funds, lack of teachers and other factors, the development of new primary schools can't meet the need of the development of basic education. Because of making up schools ,Government gradually becomed aware of improvement of private schools is supplementary for basic education development. So Zhili province began to improved private schools to make up for the deficiencies of modern education.In November 1902, the schools Secretary of Zhili drawed up Interim constitution of Zhili Province province school, and commanded academies and private schools to change into new primary schools, so Zhili start carried out a job of improved private schools; 1907, Science Division Zhili mention promulgated The paper of Zhili education Division ordered throughout school to improvement, so Zhili gradually carried out a job of improved private schools; So after, the counties formulated specific measures and methods of private schools to promoted the improvement of provine's private schools; the form of government of early Republican was stable , the improvement of Zhili private schools more pressed , the act of private schools improved was introduced afterwards.Improved of Zhili private schools had many specific measures. First, investigate private schools was the first step. The agency of Persuade up schools was based on the results of an investigation to identify private schools; Second, teaching improvement was the most important part of the improvement, through the improvement of teaching content and teaching methods to match with the new standard of teaching in primary schools, and gradually incorporated into the orbit of modern education; The staff mast screened,assessed,resolutied pros and cons and developet rating; the union of private schools and the research of improvement was establied, the demonstration meet of private school was held for exchanging experience and providing for each parameter; To improve the quality of teacher by private teacher training through various channels.The improvement of Zhili private schools made some results, such as: the distance between private school and the new primary schools was shortened; The quality of large number of teachers was improved , the teachers force was expanded; the number of new primary schools was increased, and more children out of school was attracted; the government pressures on schools was reduced. To some extent, the experience of private schools improvement is a reference for today's socialist education reform. However, there are some problem, such as there were still many private schools,the resultof improvement was't obvious,local government were perfunctoried,improved resistance was large.