Study On Operating Mechanism And Efficiency Of Supervision System In The Ming Dynasty

History of ancient China has proved that the political development of central power has continuously depended on supervision system. In the Ming Dynasty, with the development of imperial authoritarian rule to its peak, the dependence extent to supervision system of government operating became bigger and bigger. Therefore, the supervising activities which aimed at officials at all levels became unusually important. It can be said that the simultaneous development of the dual-track supervision system is the prerequisite for the operation of national administrative system based on power separation. There is no doubt that the Ming Dynasty established a set of system about legal, administrative, supervising and other aspects. The building of the supervision system has reached a very high level. However, the supervision system of Ming Dynasty, which was old or new ones, can not be truly effectively implemented. What is the reason? Its study not only deepens our understanding to the supervision system in the Ming Dynasty, but also provides referential significance to our monitoring work.The article is divided into seven parts: the first is introduction, which aims at the purpose and significance of the article. The second part analyzes the occurrence and development of traditional supervision system in the authoritarian politics for unification, which helps to explore the supervision system of Ming Dynasty and its operational mechanism. The next part introduces its establishing, functions and mutual balances. The fourth part explains the security mechanism of operation of the supervision power, including its legislation, the choice and examination to officials. Fifth part analyzes the characteristic of the supervision operation system from five aspects: high-ranking officials are monitored and restrained by the humble, work is running in a irregular and mobile way, the report to the emperor can be made on hearsay evidence, impeachment is lodged independently, mutual evaluation against supervising. The sixth part clarifies its efficiency from the success and failure of the supervision system. The last part is the conclusion, which assesses the efficiency of the operational mechanism of the supervision system.