The Study On The Compounds Of "Admonitions For The Yan Clan"

"Admonitions for the Yan Clan"was accomplished at the intersection between Beiqi and Sui. Fundamentally, it not only inherits the style of ancient classical Chinese, but also reflects the characteristics of medieval classical Chinese: Its wording is more rigorous; the frequent adoption of conjunction words makes the sentences more logic, and also entails the presence of lots of compound sentences. The present thesis will put focus on description and analysis of compound sentences in"Admonitions for the Yan Clan".The first chapter is an introduction, which will introduce the motivation and significance of the choice of the topic, the researching method, rationale of the thesis,the definitions and distinctions of single and compound sentences,the version of research material and some simple explanations will also be provied.The second chapter is about coordinate—compound sentences, which will be analyzed comprehensively from the angles of form and meaning. When form is analyzed, three focuses are grasped: the levels of the compound sentences, whether the main clause and the subordinate clause sharing the same subject or not, and whether there are any formal markers or not. For coordinate sentences in"Admonitions for the Yan Clan",conjunctions are not used frequently, but parataxis is used frequently, which means that clauses are combined by grammatical devices such as isomorphism,ellipsis, substitution, sharing and lexical devices such as the recurrence and concomitance of lexicons. And its sentences are simple but of much information, and the semantic relations between clauses are mostly equal.The third chapter is about coherent—compound sentence,and its number is very large. According to the logic relation between the clauses, coherent—compound can be divided into development--continuing compound sentence,development—complement compound sentence and generalized—concret compound sentence.From the angle of form, development--continuing compound sentence adopts more conjunctions, which are about 15 types. From the angle of meaning, logical development--continuity compound sentence accounts for a bigger propotion. development--continuing compound sentenceis different from development--complement compound sentence,because its latter clause is an explanation, description and complementarity of the former claus, and in order to reveal the relations between clauses in development--continuing compound sentence, the thesis will describe the two kinds of compound sentences distinctively. Generalized—concret compound sentence, also a kind of coherent—compound sentence,can be divided into two types: generalized clause first then concrete clause,concrete clause first then generalized clause.The fourth chapter is about proposition--judgement compound sentence,which, different from modern Chinese, is a special compound sentence in classical Chinese. Proposition clause is longer and with more information; judgement clause is simple but it is the focus of the semantic expression. This chapter will analyze proposition--judgement compound sentence from three aspects: proposition clause,judgement clause,and the correlative devices between proposition clause and judgement clause。The form of proposition clause and judgement clause is various: it can be single sentence or compound sentence; assertive sentence or interrogative sentence. Referential pronouns and the back reference of nouns are used to realize the connection between clauses in this kind of compound sentences.The fifth chapter is about cause and effect clause. According to whether the cause clause and effect clause are based on fact, cause and effect clause can be divided into explanatory type and inferential type. Moreover, the explanatory type can be further divided into cause first effect later and effect first cause later. For the features that relation between clauses in cause and effect sentences is highly logical, logical methods and the modern theories of two triangles are used adequately to reveal the deeper relations between the cause clause and effect clause. Generally speaking, there are many markers about cause and effect compound sentences, and the unmarker ones are only 11 types, accounting for just 12.6 percent.The sixth chapter is about suppositon—compound and condition—compound sentence. In"Admonitions for the Yan Clan",the number of condition—compound sentences is only 8. Supposition—compound sentence is equal to condition—compound sentence. This chapter will carry on the analysis on three levels: form, semantic and pragmatic. In form, marker compound sentences are of large proportion and the number of unmarker ones is only 7, just accounting for 13.7 percent of the total number. In semantic, partial clause bring forward suppositon, then main clause makes an judgemen, so advancing a relevant solution is the main relationships between them. In pragmatic, supposition—compound sentences can be divided into cause—seeking and effect—seeking: the former is of large proportion while the number of latter is only 2, accounting for 3.9 percent. However, as an independent grammatical phenomenon, effect—seeking ones are of great significance. So, combining with methods in logic, this chapter, to a futher degree, will analyze the semantic focus of effect—seeking suppositon sentence.The seventh chapter is about transition—compound and concession—compound sentence.For transition—compound sentences, the marker ones and unmarker ones are of approximately equal number, and for transition—compound sentence, 9 conjunctions are used in 93 sentences. For concession—compound sentence,the number is small, only 19 but all of them use conjunctions. Generally speaking, concession—compound sentence includes a potential condition and supposition, and the relations between partial clause and main clause are of two kinds: normal--correlation and abnormal—correlation.Based on these, this chapter, employing logical theories, will give some description and deeper analysis about these compound sentences.The eighth chapter is about selective compound sentence,progression—compound sentence,time—relation compound sentence, purpose compound sentence and contraction compound sentence. These compound sentences are much less. The selective compound sentence are only 2, all employing conjunctions. Progression--compound sentence, according to relations between the clauses, can be divided into 2 types, and all of them using conjunctions to connect development clause and progression clause The number of time--relation compound sentence is 11, with marker ones 9 and unmarker ones 2. The number of purpose compound sentence is 9 and all of them use conjunctions.The last chapter is conclusion. In comparision with"Iron and Salt Debate"written by Huan Kuan,"Records of the Grand Historian"writen by Si Maqian and"Shishuoxinyu"writen by Liu Yiqing, this chapter will sum up the characteristics about the application of compound sentences in"Admonitions for the Yan Clan". First, there are many types of compound sentences in"Admonitions for the Yan Clan",approxiately covering all the types of compound sentences in classical Chinese. Second, conjunctions are used much more frequently than Xihan,which is a reflection of the development of sentences in the aspect of conjunction. And, the frequent use of conjunctions is a reflection of the improvement of logic and rigourness of sentences, meanwhile, it indicates the clear developmental direction of language. Last, the addition of predicate reading is another way for sentence extention. In sentential aspect, compared with Xihan, Southern and Northern Dyansties, the enlargement about the number of predicate reading in single sentence are the general development direction, which are clearly reflected in"Shishuoxinyu"and"Admonitions for the Yan Clan", especially in"Admonitions for the Yan Clan". Compared with"Shishuoxinyu", the increase about the number of five clauses, on one hand, reflects the change of sentence length and sentence complication, on the other hand, reflects the schoar, Yan tuizhi's language features and the sepcial features of adopting much writing and formal language in"Admonitions for the Yan Clan".