The Northwest Border Strategy Of The Qing Dynasty

China has always been unified a multi-ethnic country from the past time to today. Because of Chinese dynasties and the surrounding minority powers managed, China's territory has expanded. Today China's territory has been mainly founded by the Qing Dynasty. Faced with so vast territory, and many people, the total border control policy of the Qing Dynasty is "the ruling with custom".Mongolia Law and Regulations of Uygur Xinjiang are the most important laws governed northwest frontier in the Qing Dynasty, fully emboded "the ruling with custom" of border strategy. It was beneficial that the Qing Dynasty had taken different policies with different realization to develop the northwest of China. In the past time, the ruling with custom was mostly accorded with the requirement of history, strengthened minorities to accept centripetal power, kept the political stability of the border areas and the unity of the multi-ethnic country. It was advantageous that the Qing Dynasty government had realized to develop the northwest border area with different area realistic difference. The present paper is mainly about the discusses of the success and failure of the Qing Dynasty's northwest border strategy.The first part is about analyzing the background of the times of Mongolia Law and Regulations of Uygur Xinjiang formulated, then to discuss their similarities and differences in the guiding principle, the content, the influence. The legal origin of Mongolia Law mainly had comes from the Qing Dynasty and Mongolia political union, Man Meng marry, Lamaism's stipulation and the Mongolian common law. The legal origin of Regulations of Uygur Xinjiang had mainly comes from the government system of the Qing Dynasty in Uygur Xinjiang, and Qing government's Islamism policy and so on.The second part is mainly about analyzing the guiding policies and the legislative principles of Mongolia Law and Regulations of Uygur Xinjiang. Not only the Qing Dynasty had inherited all previous dynasties traditional governing thought but also creatively to enrich and develop them. Mongolia Law and Regulations of Uygur Xinjiang had manifested this characteristic fully. On the base of the ruling with custom and divide-and-rule, the Qing Dynasty government had decreased ethnic isolation, advocated ethnic unity , integrated the border areas into the different level government of the country unity.The third part is mainly about analyzing the content of Mongolia Law and Regulations of Uygur Xinjiang. There are 12 volumes in Mongolia Law, involving governing system, tribute, prohibitting, the criminal and civil case's punishment and so on. There are eight volumes in the Regulations of Uygur Xinjiang. Its core is about Beg system, and involving religion, economy, social life stipulations and so on . Comparatively, many Mongolian original common laws had been adopted into Mongolia Law, but Regulations of Unger Xinjiang had almostly involved Unger's common law, kept the high uniformity with inland law.The fourth part is mainly about analyzing the legal status of Mongolia Law and Regulations of Unger Xinjiang, and the success and failure the Qing Dynasty's northwest border strategy. Considering social condition and the historical development tendency, Mongolia Law and Regulations of Unger Xinjiang had basically meet with the historical development requirement, strengthened the border area national minority to central authorities' centripetal force, kept border area political situation, maintained multi-ethnic country, played a important role. But the limitation of Mongolia Law and Regulations of Unger Xinjiang is also very obvious. To a certain extent, they had delayed the border area development speed, has limited political and economic integration advancement between inland and border area. In modern times, under the West national sovereignty view's attack, the Qing Dynasty had given up managing traditional strategy of the northwest border area. In order to deal with the challenge, to maintain own rule, the Qing Dynasty government had sped up the political and economic integration advancement, pushed the province system to the border area in the later 19th century. Many people had been organized to immigrated the border area, to develop the border area. Regulations of Uygur Xinjiang and Mongolia Law, had completed their mission, withdrew from the stage of history.