| The body movement is the most primitive and the most universal behavior of human beings.The research on bodily verbs is also the simplest research on verbs as well as relative semantic and sentence in linguistics world.But the research on this aspect is really weak.The former scholars mainly concentrated on the research of the whole bodily verbs,but less on verbs related with body organs.Among them,there was only a little description to the hand verbs.This causes the distinguishing research on various spots bodily verbs and the research on spouse match about bodily verbs and bodily nouns unable to be launched thoroughly.Moreover the investigations to transformation of these bodily verbs sentences as well as the limiting conditions and so on haven't been adequate.In view of these various reasons above, taking the leg verbs as a cut,this paper takes the Argument theory,the Cognition linguistics and the objective scientific standard of the Classical theory of force as the basis.Using the research methods of structuralism and functionalism,the paper carries on the comprehensive system description and analysis of the leg verbs.It aims to provide valuable advice to the study of Chinese verbs and sentences,bodily verbs.This paper is divided into five chapters as following:Chapter One: IntroductionThis paper about the study of leg verbs has benefited from the theory basis and some research methods of the former bodily verb research.Therefore this chapter makes a brief review of some major points and the achievement of bodily verbs. Basing on it, it also determines the research angle, range, methods and the referred theories of this paper and so on.Chapter two: The Understanding and Definition of Leg Nouns and Leg VerbsThis chapter makes a definition to the leg nouns according to the fact of language itself and the relative theories of the Cognition linguistics. It also defines the leg verbs, and proposes three criteria of the semantic standard, grammar frame and frequency standard to distinct leg verb. Finally, according to these different standards, it classifies the leg verbs into spouse leg verbs, pan-spouse leg verbs; referring things leg verbs, referring self leg verbs.Chapter three: The Spouse Leg Referring things VerbsThis chapter gives the definition of the spouse leg referring things verbs and determines the verbs scope of this kind. This part mainly analyzes the semantic characteristic, the argument and the construction of sentences of the spouse leg referring things verbs.First,analyze the characteristics of the spouse leg referring things verbs as:[+fixation],[+dis- Placement],[+state alteration] and [+ continuation].Then carry on the hypo-analysis of the chara- cteristics of [+displacement],[+state alteration] and [+ continuation].Second,analyze the argument of agent,patient,instrument and place of this kind of verbs,and then make a conclusion that the roles of agent,patient and instrument acted by the leg nouns are all non-typical.According to whether can match with resource,the spouse referring things verbs of leg are divided into beginning verbs and ending verbs in the place argument.The last,analyze two kinds of basic sentences and variants of respective sentences of the spouse leg referring things verbs ,explain some phenomena,for example why the sentence of"把"is easy to be considered as other state alteration which is transformed from the sentence of"N人+N腿+V1+C",and why the two sentence types of"N人+N腿+V1+C"and"N人+N腿+ V1+N处"can't be transformed into the sentence of"被".It also concludes the meanings of every sentence.At the last of this part,carry on some researches on the different appearance of the structure argument in sentences of"N1+V1+ N他"and"N人+N腿+V",then compare the role of agent with the role of structure played by N腿.Chapter four: The Spouse Leg Referring Self VerbsAfter defining the spouse leg referring self verbs and the research scope,carry on the resear- ch on this kind of verbs as following such parts:semantic characteristic, argument analysis,the structure of sentence,the question of appearance and disappearance,the relative question of agent, and the comparison of the spouse leg referring things verbs and the spouse leg referring self verbs.First,analyze three semantic characteristics of the spouse leg referring self verbs:[+displace- ment],[+state alteration]and[+continuation].When carrying on the hypo-analysis of the characte- ristics of [+state alteration],it discusses the difference between every hypo-sort of this small kind, and determines [+other state alteration] as the prototype category.It also analyzes and explains the different use of sentences, when the spouse leg referring things verbs and the spouse leg re- ferring self verbs represent [+self state alteration].Second,analyze the argument of agent,patient,structure and place of this kind of verbs. Although the argument of structure is optional,it can't be canceled at will in three kinds of situations.In the part of place argument,we study the word meanings'expansion of"the ending verbs"and the structure of"from ......"when they match with each other.Then analyze the basic sentence structure,variants and relative sentence meaning of this kind of verbs.Next,discuss the question of appearance and disappearance of agent played by spouse bodily nouns. Moreover analyzes the role of agent in the structure of"N人+N腿+V2",according to whether the situation of leg organ and the whole situation of agent is consistent.At last,carry on the comparing research of the big kind of spouse leg verbs: the spouse leg referring things verbs and the spouse leg referring self verbs from three big aspects: semantics, argument and sentence structures.Chapter five: The Pan-Spouse Leg VerbsThe main content of this part is the comparing study of the pan-spouse leg verbs matching with leg nouns and matching with other bodily nouns. It attempts to discover the regular pattern of other bodily verbs to become the pan-spouse leg verbs.First,we make a simple review of the former research on the pan-spouse bodily verbs,and determine the research assignment of this part.Then, define the pan-spouse leg referring things verbs and determine the research scope. Analyze the internal diversity of the pan-spouse leg verbs and the meaning of"weak tool".Next, define the pan-spouse leg referring self verbs and the research scope Analyze the internal diversity of the pan-spouse leg referring self verbs and the meaning of"weak patient".Finally,analyze the regular pattern of the pan-spouse matching from the angle of leg nouns,using the research method of analogy and comparison.At last,it obtains the conclusion that"The probability of a bodily verb to be able to become the pan-spouse leg verb is in reverse proportion to points of similarity of this bodily noun and the leg noun".This paper pays great attention to the description of language forms.Basing on respecting language facts,the paper carries on the careful description to the meeting language phenomena, and attempts to explain them from many angles of function,cognition and so on.The question- naire survey and the frequency statistics about the question of language use have been carried on. This paper has certain value on making the complex structural style clear, making the research on bodily verbs,the research on semantic relationships between verbs and nouns,the research on specific sentence thorough and Chinese teaching.
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