Observe And Study On The Pragmatic Elements Of Speech

Speech is the communication between speaker and audience, which is constituted by parts that connecting each other but in depending. It includes situation, speaker, audience, message, language and non-language semiotic. It improves enough that speech is the verb act which pass on meaning and acquire information by language and non-language semiotic. The pragmatic element including speech context of situation, speech pragmatic principle and, speech pragmatic patterns and so on, is the research target in this article.Speech is one kind of verb act which is always in context of situation. Time, local, audience, environment and social literature background make up the objective elements of speech context of situation; the particular character and control of speaker is the subjective elements of speech context of situation. Speech always holds on particular time and place which could be used by speaker. As a speaker, he must understand his audience and know speech environment. For a speaker controlled by history background, so his speech has to suit to it. Speaker should obtain good morals, knowledge and arts. It is important to control the atmosphere over speech meeting to a speaker by any methods.To achieve speech intention, the speaker must follow some pragmatic principle. It must be adhered especially to three pragmatic maxims—suitable maxim, agitated maxim and coordinated maxim which summed up from speech practice under the total two principles—cooperative principle and polite principle. Suitable maxim means speech should be suit to person, time and situation. Agitated maxim means to encourage audience to act as the speaker said. Coordinated maxim means to harmonize the speaker oneself and the speech environment. The speaker should control some systems which must be coordinated and show as a whole in speech under the leader by coordinated maxim, for example language system, voice system, play system and image system.Speaker need make use of some pragmatic programmers including pragmatic methods, pragmatic supplement and pragmatic strategies etc. Pragmatic methods are made up of sound, lexicon, grammar and image ways that could be used for speech. To sound well, speaker should use entirely all kinds of voice elements. Speaker also better expresses himself through working on and improving his artistic techniques. Pragmatic supplement of speech which is composed by body language and presentational media could be correct, natural, suitable and graphic. Speech is a language art so speaker should make use of pragmatic strategies which is applied in a flexible way according to concrete context of situation for best effect.