Study On The Diplomacy Of Qi State In Dongzhou Dynasty

In the Dongzhou dynasty, with Zhou royalty declining gradually, it lost its realistic influence on the thought that the world had the same host. Each state competed vigorously for reforms and at last, all of them became an independent sovereign state. In order to achieve the hegemony or annex land. The states developed effective diplomatic policy and carried out a variety of diplomatic activities from their own conditions. As one of the earliest independent countries in the early Dongzhou Dynasty Qi State had ruled the roost and the region several times and had great potential to pacify the Central and unify the world . However, it was finally eliminated by Qin Dynasty. The diplomatic thoughts and practices in different stages were one of the most important factors in the rise and failure of Qi State.On the base of historical materials and the study results of the predecessors this article mainly discusses the diplomatic thoughts and approaches in different periods ,outlined the diplomatic characteristics of Qi State Dongzhou Dynasty , analyzes the social and historical reasons leading to the diplomatic characteristics ,and expounds the impact of diplomacy on Qi State to explore the intrinsic historical rules between Qi State's diplomacy and its rise and fall.The whole passage is divided into six parts .The diplomatic thoughts and practices are generally divided into five stages: the preliminary, middle age and the end of the Spring and Autumn Period and the middle age and the final stage of the Warring States. Qi State adopted the diplomatic strategies of respecting Zhou dynasty, treating neighbors friendly and beating westerners during the preliminary of the Spring and Autumn Period .Qi State found its strategic leagues through the former two and set up his authority as a great state through the latter, which formed the basis for the domination of all the states. During the middle age of the Spring and Autumn Period Qi State put forward the diplomatic strategy of strengthening national power and controlling the power solely after advocating respecting Zhou State and treating neighbors friendly.Huangong if Qi State won his domination of all the states with his great power and successful diplomatic polices and became the first tyrant of the Spring and Autumn Period Qi State proposed the thoughts of peaceful diplomacy and flexible diplomatic policy in economy, obtained excellent external environment for development, and preserved and developed its national strength .In the middle age of the Warring States, Qi State changed its benevolent diplomatic policy completely to develop the spirit of admiring military and own a great number of forces with the strong power accumulated during Weixuan period. Through unite, attacking Chu in the east beating Yan in the north", Qi State started competing for domination and annextion , leading Qi State to its strongest national power on record .At the end of the Warring States, as the result of the long-term war and all armed might to indulge in aggressive wars, Qi's national power was weakened seriously and authority declined greatly .Qi State stuck to the conservative way in diplomacy and resorted to the isolationist diplomatic policy wrongly. So it fell in the condition of exhaustion of national power ,being short of strategic leagues and internal worry and external threats.The sixth part summarizes Qi's diplomatic features as follows: adopting flexible methods ,dealing with concrete matters and great profit, admiring military and valuing army ,strengthening national power and dominating other states etc, analyzes the historical reasons of the diplomatic features coming into being ,explains the rise and failure of Qi's diplomacy in Eastern Zhou Period and the historical influence.Take a wide view of the diplomatic thoughts and practiced, the diplomatic policies of respecting Zhou and treating neighbors friendly made Qi state gain strategic leagues the powerful national power and keep dominating all the states. Hegemonic diplomacy of union between the states made Qi State lose its strategic alliances, national strength weak, and finally to fall. Qi's flexible diplomatic features made it comply with the development of the times and society ,grow strongly gradually and become the great country in east .However ,the characteristic also made Qi State lose its diplomatic principle, people's support, the status as a great country in the end, and the chance of dominating the world.This article argues that the diplomatic theory and practice in the different stages of Dongzhou Dynasty and summarizes the main diplomatic features, historical causes,and social influence in Dongzhou Dynasty ,which will enrich the study on the diplomatic history in ancient China,especially the study on that in the early time of Qin Stateand the passes,and contribute to the development ,evolvement and changes of diplomatic thoughts in China ancient times and provide references for the peaceful diplomatic thoughts and practices nowdays.