On The Transformation From Ci To Qu In Jin And Yuan Dynasty

The source of Qu is the core problem of study about relationship of Ci and Qu.On this issue, the senior scholars mainly from the line of the scenery civil ,studied and explored evolution between folk Chanling,Changzhuan,Zhugongdiao and Taoshu,drama. But xiaoling of Qu as poetry of wrters creative,where did it come from and what contact it was with Ci ? At present , about these issue academics gave some attention ,but lack in-depth study. So this paper mainly from angel of literature maked special discussion and study about this problem.In this paper, there are the following four chapters :Chapter 1,Distinction of concept of Ci and Qu. In previous study, because schoolars had different understandings and knowledges on the concept of Ci and Qu , the study was in the chaos. Therefore, this chapter firstly defined the concept of them. On the basis of the concept defined, we further analyzed the difference and contacts from the two perspective of music and literary. In music, the performance of the distinction between the Ci and Qu is that they belongs to different music systems; In literature, Ci and Qu have their different aesthetic qualities ,Ci is refined and Qu is popular. In music ,their links is that part of the Ci enter Qu; In literature their link is that the Xiaoling of Ci and the Xiaoling of Qu have origin relations.Chapter II,Coexistence state of Ci and Qu during Jin and Yuan Dynasty. The ci and qu on undergound unearthed porcelains of Cizhouyao in the south of Hebei province show that Ci and Qu were in the symbiotic state in period of Jin and Yuan. At the same time their lsymbiotic state led to Husheng phenomenon between Ci and Qu. This phenomenon refers to that people used Cipai to write Qu or used Qupai to write Ci , we call these two conditions "for Ci to Qu" and " for Qu to Ci". the existence of the special historical stage of Ci-Qu symbiotic and Husheng later made people have confusion understand about Qupai and Qupai. Therefore, the analysis for Cipai and Qupai is a focus of this chapter.Chapter III,The transformation from Ci to Qu during Jin and Yuan Dynasty.This chapter from two aspects of music and literature explore the transformation between Ci and Qu. In literature, the changing between Ci and Qu includes three aspects: First, refined style of Ci changed into popular. Second, the form of Ci transformed to the form system of Qu. Third, using rhyme, rhyme of Ci transformed into the rhyme of rhyme. In music,some tunes of Ci enter into Qu, and became a part of Qu . In the past, senior scholars mainly concerned tunes of Ci and Qu as well as the relationship between them. But ways and means of transformation in the music are in the lack of attention. Well, how are this part of tunes of Ci entered into Qu,,and become a part of it? We argue that Gong-tune is the bridge and intermediaries ,by which tunes of Ci enter into Qu. That is to say , if tunes of Ci entered into Qu, its Gong-tune must firstly be absorbed by Qu. The role of the Gong-tune is the focus of this chapter.Chapter IV,The reasons for the transformation from Ci to Qu during Jin and Yuan Dynasty. First, the music transformation is the fundamental reason of changes between Ci and Qu. During Jin and Yuan Dynasty ,the music of Qu formed, it resulte that literature system under the request of Ci has changed. Secondly, Ci and Qu are able to change, because of not only music changing but also similarity of their music. The music of Ci and Qu both belong to the system of"Yanyue", so the music of Ci and Qu have the similarity , which makes the distance between the two kinds of music is not so great, that the change between Ci and Qu became possible. Changes between the musics of Ci and Qu is the common demands of "Yuefu" nature. the nature of "Yuefu" is that Ci and Qu linked to music, and is the songs that were writen by song writers can be singed. As songs,Ci and Qu must be consistent with music and voice of that times.So the nature of "Yuefu" is the common demands that make Ci transform into Qu.