Research On Literary Activities Of Hangzhou In The Yuan Dynasty

The number of the masters in poem,Ci and Qu is 129 of Hangzhou in the Yuan Dynasty,ranking among the best in China.And the number of the Literati living and roaming around Hangzhou in Earlier Yuan Dynasty is 33,such as Fang Hui,Wang Yun and Bai Pu,and 36 in later,including Huang Jin,Su Tianjue and Qiao Ji.The main reason for ecdemic's coming to Hangzhou is the prominent natural and cultural environment.First,the natural environment includes Hangzhou's favorable geographical location,proper climate,beautiful scenery and convenient transportation conditions.Second,the cultural environment includes Hangzhou's political and economic advantage,time-honored history and culture,and developed education and other factors.The reciting to Hangzhou from literati in the Yuan Dynasty is mainly show in three aspects: the works about beautiful landscapes of Hangzhou,the works about cultural customs of Hangzhou and the works to cherish Hangzhou as capital.One of the most famous works cherishing Hangzhou as capital is the composition about temples in memory of Yue Fei.Poetry in earlier Yuan Dynasty is full of condolence to Yue Fei,while poetry in later is to show respect for Yue Fei and reflect the perdition of the southern Song Dynasty.All these poetry has shown the natural landscapes and physiognomy of society,while expressed political attitude and change of mentality of literati.The form of poetry is different from the earlier Yuan Dynasty,which is because of the new genre,Sanqu.This type of poetry can express the emotions directly and its language used is full of flavor of life.In the Yuan Dynasty,Hangzhou had rich literary activities,mainly the poetry antiohony of poets and the poems of the same title.The first one has various forms,including presenting,composing with the same rhyme,and its genre involves poetry,Ci and Sanqu.The second one involves representative composition about temples in memory of Yue Fei and Yang Weizhen's The West Lake Zhu Zhi poem.The literati joining the literary activities in Hangzhou include southerner and northerner,in which the Mongol and theSemu are most famous.Thus Hangzhou,becomes the stage of literary communicating for all literati.Then,its landscape and culture have influenced the works of northern literati.In later Yuan Dynasty,the northern Qu begin to develop at south,so Hangzhou is no doubt the centre of later Zaju.In turn,the content,musical style and artistic form of Zaju has been changed.Finally,all these has promoted the communication of literature between north and south.Although Hangzhou is not as good as Dadu and Shangdu in terms of politics,as a literary center,it can be parallel with both of them.It leads the literary fashion,has the influence of radiating to the whole country,and plays an important role in the process of north-south literary exchange and integration.In addition to this,Hangzhou also attracted foreigners such as Marco Polo and became an important city on the silk road,contributing to the cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries.