Land Problem And Rural Crisis During The Period Of New Gui Clique

With the theories and research methods borrowed from related disciplines such as history, sociology and political economics, the thesis aims at analyzing and exploring the land problem and its associated crisis during the period of New Gui Clique ruling Guangxi. The thesis will include the following six parts:Part One: introduction.It presents an outline of the thesis including the research aim, background and significance. A general discussion about related terms is necessary to ensure a clear presentation of the thesis.Part Two: Background information about production techniques in Guangxi ,agriculture production techniques and land benefitsLying on the boundaries of Southwest China, Guangxi has a mild temperature with a lot of rains all the year round. Mountain ridges run across the province and flatland only accounts for a small proportion of the land resources, therefore, it lacks of farmland and the land capability is relatively low. From the perspective of agriculture production, it may hinder its development.Agriculture production techniques mainly include techniques of farming, fertilization, cultivation and irrigation. New Gui Clique in Guangxi once endeavored to generalize and use some new agriculture techniques, which brought some change to ways of traditional agriculture management. However, from the perspective of agriculture techniques improvement and generalization, the agriculture production in Guangxi was still in lower level. Land benefits were also relatively lower than that of national average level.Part Three: Land distribution rights and land use The polarization of land ownership remained a fundamental fact in Chinese countryside during the Republic of China (1911-1949). While the ownership of land became centralized, land use became dispersed. Such a situation brought little improvement on rural economy and further divert from the main road of modernization.Part Four: Ruralcrisis and associated influencecaused by land problemLand issue is an economic problem as well as a political one. It may cause serious rural crisis, which took the form of heavy land rent, numerous land tax, bankruptcy of agriculture economy and miserable life of peasants. Furthermore, The usury prevailing is the main manifestation of rural crisis. As a result, New Gui Clique's ruling in Guangxi did not gain much support from people, nor did the ruling provide necessary material base for local social development.Part Five :New Gui Clique's effort to resolve the rural crisis and its failureRealizing the severity caused by land problem and rural crisis, leaders of New Gui Clique also endeavor to take a variety of measures to reverse the situation. However, its class nature and historical limitations made these measures fail to work.Part Six: Conclusions.The part sums up the main points from body and attempts to draw some conclusions based on relevant materials.