Studies On The Valence Of The Verbs In Shuihudi Bamboo Slips Of Qin

"Shuihudi bamboo slips of Qin" are unearthed documents, the documents' period is clearly, it has a long length with strong spoken. All these sentences are coherent so it is necessary to give them a further research.This paper aims to describe all the verbs' valence, the ability to attach dependency constituents and those constituents' semantic character, hope to explore the Chinese language landscape in the end of the Warring States period to Qin."Valence" is proposed by a France linguist whose name is L.Tesniere. This theory advocates that verb is the core of a sentence and other constituents are attached to verb. It stressed that we need to establish a sentence with the word interdependence between words subordinate relationship, and this relationship is dominated by the word association with the word from subordination. In this grammar system, verbs occupy a central position, people or scenes story is a verb phrase direct subordinate components. This theory was brought to our country in the 1970s of last century and was paid great attention. people have applied this theory to have resolved many modern Chinese grammar problems. In recent years, there was a study in the ancient Chinese language with valence theory, and achieved some results. We chose unearthed material to make valence analysis, hope to further expand the Valence Grammar application fields, compensate some shortcomings for the study of literature handed down.In this paper, all verbs in "Shuihudi bamboo slips of Qin" are examined. Firstly we picked up 363 verbs that we are deeply convinced, then regards these verbs in "Shuihudi bamboo slips of Qin" as the target of investigation. While confirming and abstracting the verbs, we strictly follow the principle that the grammatical function combines with the lexical meaning. According to the constraints on the relevant components, the verb is divided into five main categories: action verbs, causes verbs, psychological verbs, properties verbs and relationships verb. Valence Grammar theory reveals the dominant component of the subordinate capacity, reflecting the verb associated with the semantic content volume. In order to fully reflect the influence of the verb ability, it should also be subordinate to reveal the various constituents of the verb semantic role. According to the language materials, semantic role that this paper identified are 3 major kinds and 24 small kinds, such systems can be compared to the verb valence situation with the verb and its subordinate elements, as well as the semantic relations.This paper confirms that the grammatical character of valence is either semantics or syntax; the amount of valence was defined by indispensable dependency constituents in atomic sentence; the indispensable preposition constituents exist. Through comprehensive study, this paper divides all verbs in "Shuihudi bamboo slips of Qin" into five kinds: One-Valence verbs, Two- Valence verbs, about to be Two-Valence verbs, Three-Valence verbs and about to be Three-Valence verbs. Then, it describes the amount of valence, the semantic character of indispensable dependency constituents and the examples in the material. The "Valence" is a matter to the various levels of complex concept, it is not enough to study the verbs' controlling ability only in a typical basic structure, because there are still many derivative sentences. In the actual corpus, the semantics that verbs are associated with is complex and is a multi-level, so, we introduce " valence levels" and the " valence " of the single concept is Changed into a layered system—a tier of level system with valence,link and item, and seek to maximize the number of them, in order to fully reflect various capacity of verbs.In the third and the fourth chapter of this paper, we have analyzed the verbs in detail, through analysis ,we can easily understand that in all verbs, Two- Valence verbs are the most, a total of 367, accounting for 69 percent, about to be Three-Valence verbs are the least, only six, accounting for 1.2 percent .Of all kinds of verbs , action verbs are the most, the number is 360, accounting for 71.6 percent, causes verbs are the least, the number 17, accounting for only 3.4 percent. in all types of verbs, the number of Two- Valence action verbs is large. According to the disposal and the associated role of the semantic terms, the action verbs is the highest in the valence ability, the causes verbs and psychological verbs is the weakest. It can be said that the nature and the function of the verbs determine the semantic characteristics of the verb valence.