Going North Of The Gate In Qing Dynasty And The Development Of The Society In The Central And Western Areas Of Inner Mongolia

Going north of the Great Wall through one of the gates in the western sections is the social trend in Qing Dynasty of the people in Shan Xi and Shan Xi Provinces, which are in the south of the Great Wall, to make a living in the central and western areas of Inner Mongolia. The basic reasons are the followings: there is a crisscross network of gullies, impoverished soil, no warm climate, less rain, and limited land. From Emperor Qian Long, the population increased rapidly, the land was annexed fiercely, so the severe conflict between land and people was caused. Moreover, natural disasters which happened increasingly aggravated the above conflict. In order to meet the various political needs of suppressing the revolts of the frontiers, easing up the class conflict, and handling the financial crisis, etc, the Qing Dynasty imposed the policies of official cultivation, assembling people to open up the land, lending land to make people live, free cultivation and migration, which make going north of the Great Wall possible and then further into a trend.The people pouring into the central and western area of Inner Mongolia help to develop the social economy, and at the same time, speed up the progress of the social reforms. The relationship of the land owners and the renters, and the form of the ownership and the administration agencies have been changing with it. The communication and integration between two peoples of Mongolian and Hart, and between emigrations and the local people form new cultural appearance of those regions.However, the negative effects of going north of the Great Wall should not be neglected, especially the opening up of the land blindly, disorderly and unreasonably as a result of the "robbery policy" of the Qing Dynasty caused many lands of desertization, salinization and soil erosion. The cultivation land of Dong Nanyan in Erdos was one example. And it was the Qing Dynasty to be blamed. The negative influence has the effects until now which is worth learning and pondering.