Analysis On Politics In The Beginning Year Of The Republic (1912-1913)

Party government is one of the basic elements of the bourgeois democracy. In order to carry out the political governance of bourgeois, party government takes a political form which rules in turns, rules in consociation or rules solely by the bourgeois party through parliament elected and election campaign. From the first year to the second year of the Republic of China (from 1912 to 1913), western democracy was transplanted in China. During the easy period, the politics of China appeared unprecedented new atmosphere: Parties appeared one after another, and the number of the parties had already reached hundreds; the Parties of temporary senate were confronting each other; the large numbers of political organizations were combining gradually, which became few Parties; the election of parliament acted in due form, and every party were in fierce competition; controversy and dissension were always carrying on in the parliament ,etc.At the beginning years of the Republic of China, every majority Parties had their own party theory, and had the political line which combined the political theory and based on the political situation in reality with the direction of their own party theory. From the political lines of every party above, they had an agreement of the integrity of politics and enhanced the authority of the central government. However they still had disagreements about authority of the central government. Starting from the concept of democratic rights, the Radical Party insisted that authority is the expression of public opinion, so the power of the parliamentary should be more enhanced ; Starting from the concept of national rights ,the Conservatives Party insisted that elite politics and democracy politics would take more effect on nation advancement, so the administrative power should be more considered .If there is antinomy, and there is conflict .If there is Parties ,and there is parties conflicts. The Radical Party and the Conservatives Party of the bourgeoisie had conflicts about parliament。council of ministers, president and establishing constitution, which made up main content of party government in the beginning years of the Republic of China.Generally speaking, Parties are in the developing initial stages during this period. There were three representations. Firstly, among the hundreds of Party organizations, only dozens of organizations had the completed political creeds. However, the concepts of the creed nearly the same, and could not tell what were the differences between them. Other Parties and Party organizations always do not have the completed politics creeds, and some of them even do not have any politics creeds. Actually Party is the representation of certain class, estate and group. However, the element of the Parties were complex at the beginning years of the Republic of China. Some of them were revolutionary Party, and some of them were constitutional Party, even there were also bureaucratic politician.In modern age of China, parliamentary were introduced to China as a way to save our nation and people. Statesmen advocated parliamentary. There are two reasons. On the one hand , the hope of parliamentary would enhance China national power, and changed the status of China in the world from political side, then became one of the civilization countries. On the other hand ,with the hope of parliamentary would make a struggle to autocratic power, then participated in politics and shared the political power. To make our country and people prospered and restrict dictator, so the discipline of parliament organizations were debased. From temporary senate in Nanjing to first congress was dismissed in 1924, parliament still did not have a right way to run. However, non- reasonableness factor were growing badly in the party government of parliament. When referred this non-reasonableness factor, it performed that Partisan interests had a priority of national interests and people's interests in the parliament. The Parties conflicts in the beginning years of the Republic of China would decrease the power of Parties. And in this way ,Parties would become more goneness and decadency, which provided convenient way for Yuan Shikai to deracinate Parties. Party conflicts would also ruin the status of Parties in peoples' mind, and make people have a averse and alternative feeling to Parties. What is worse, this situation would advance the status and prestige of Yuan Shikai in peoples' mind invisibly. Parties in the beginning years of the Republic of China did not changed the disordered social situation after revolution, even marked the political situation become more complex. The conflicts among Parties were a important reason of political failure in the beginning years of the Republic of China. The Xinhai revolution did not change the economic feature of China. At that time ,the economic foundation of China still stayed around smallholder agriculture economic, and lacked of material foundation to put into practice party government. The parties in the late Ching dynasty and the beginning years of the Republic of China were not the outcome of capitalist economy in modern age. In fact, they were a kind of culture choice facing national crisis.In modern age of China, parliamentarism were introduced to China as a way save our nation and people. Statesmen advocated parliamentarism.There are two reasons.On the one hand ,with the hope of parliamentarism would enhance China national power,and changed the status of China in the world from political side,then became one of the civilization countries.On the other hand ,with the hope of parliamentarism would make a struggle to autocratic power,then participated in politics and shared the political power.To make our country and people prospered and restrict dictator,so the discipline of parliament organizations were debased. From temporary senate in Nanjing to first congress was dismissed in 1924, parliament still did not have a right way to run.However,non- reasonableness factor were growing badly in the party government of parliament. When refered this non- reasonableness factor,it performed that Partisan interests had a priority of national interests and people's interests in the parliament.The Parties conflicts in the beginning years of the Republic of China would decrease the power of Parties.And in this way ,Parties would become more goneness and decadency,which provided convenient way for Yuan Shikai to deracinate Parties.Party conflicts would also ruin the status of Parties in peoples' mind,and make people have a averse and alienative feeling to Parties.What is worse,this situation would advance the status and prestige of Yuan Shikai in peoples' mind invisibly.Parties in the beginning years of the Republic of China did not changed the disordered social situation after revolution,even maked the political situation become more complex.The conflicts among Parties were a important reason of political failure in the beginning years of the Republic of China.