The Study Of The Usage Of The Sentence With Indefinite Subject In Form Of "Numeral+ (Classifier) +Noun"

The sentence with indefinite subject which is in the form of"numeral+ (classifier) +noun"is a kind of very special sentence type in modern Chinese, and it has aroused the attention from more and more persons. Among them the question receiving much concern mainly concentrates on the definition of it and about the characteristic question of its predicate, and the problem of converting between it and the sentence with"有", but these research main still stay around depiction, and seldom carry on the essential explanation to relevant phenomenon. By far some scholars have obscured the standards of form and meaning, so they equal the sentence with numeral noun subject to that with indefinite subject, which makes the research unable to further deepen. This text according to definition of Chen Ping (1987) strictly, he said it is such a composition which will be used when the speaker think the listener unable to distinguish the goal target from the similar persons or things. The article regards this composition as research object, and relies mainly on making comparisons, and regards the theories of three levels as guidelines at the same time, also combines the relevant knowledge of the cognitive respect of the function, and makes great efforts to find characteristic behind the sentence on the basis of a large number of language facts.We find that in the sentence with verb predicate all the subjects are specific nouns. And we imagine that there will be the similar behavior in Chinese as the consistency between the subject and the predicate in English. Using the theory of Guo Rui′s(1993), we can see that the appear times in the sentence with indefinite subject from the verbs of point structure to the verbs of infinite structure get fewer and fewer ,and this is the result from the angle of the extrinsic temporal feature, but if at the angle of the intrinsic temporal feature, these sentence will only match with the coursing verbs ,as a result, there must be the compositions such as"了""来""去"and so on . And there are the same feature in the sentence of adjective .Among these sentences the form of the predicates must be the complicated forms of adjective which be mentioned by Zhu Dexi(1956). And this makes the whole sentence have a kind of dynamics too.So far we can summarize this kind of timeliness characteristic as"have circles有界".Now we will see something about the focus together .At first it is very necessary to know that the information can become the focus no matter it is new or old. And the"是"will be add to the beginning of the whole sentence . In anther way, when we move the numeral noun object to the place of the subject, it is also the focus of the sentence .Xu Jie(2004)said the numeral noun phrase is very sensitive to be the focus. So the whole sentence of indefinite subject is the focus, and it happens to send a totally new message to listener. It is a focus marks which use the numeral noun and the order of the language. The complicated forms of the subject and the predicate are the needs of the marked theory.When can the sentence with indefinite subject be changed into the sentence with"有"? It is not only influenced by the factor of grammatical construction, and it is mostly received the effect of the semanteme and restriction of the cognitive respect of function. Contrasting the sentence with quantities corresponded with the sentence with figure phrase tells everybody that figure phrase is a kind of sentence with the quantities corresponded: Constant sentence. Anther kind is incident sentence."For a moment, a piece of beautiful mountains and rivers paint is completed, there are mountains at a distance……"is what the researcher often refers to. We realize that it belong to sentence with quantities corresponded. That is to say, it is the varying type of"subject + quantity adverbial modifier + quantity object " .Whether we can change it into the sentence with"有"is not merely dependent on the prominent quantity meaning, the more important thing is that the pragmatical meaning of language is run off .This law is also suitable for our research object of this article. The sentence with"有"states objectively, and there is no emotional coloring with speaker, But there is synchronous color in the sentence with indefinite subject, which gives us a kind of feeling on the spot in person. How does such synchronous product? In fact it is just because of"the principle of temporal sequence"that results from the iconicity theory.