A Research On The Northern Song Hui Tu Commercial Trade

Hui Tu commercial trade, also called Hui Yi or Hui Tu , is a profitable business behavior which managed by feudal government or troops.Each emperor in North Song Dynasty changes their policies about military commercial behavior and analyses the causes of changes. Central government often regulates its policies according to the development of current political situation. Although the attitudes and policies towards military commercial behaviors have changed a lot, the phenomenon still exists in the whole North Song Dynasty and it has a variety of the ways of management.Inheriting the Five Dynasties's customs in the early North Song,the frontier generals are often engaged in the commercial trade that is free of tax.The profits that they obtained are used to subsidize military expenditure, bribe spies and strengthen frontier defense, which forms an outstanding characteristic of North Song Dynasty.Since emperor RenZong,the commercial trade behavior becomes more and more gradually.At that time, the frontier areas exist the phenomenon that administrative department and military officials jointly operate trades, so it is difficult for us to distinguish their commercial behaviors between them.The causes of the thriving commercial behaviors managed by troops. The part mainly explains it from four aspects: the influences of social environment, national policies,the press of military expenditure and dissolute military discipline. As a kind of history phenomenon, it at that time to the influence that social progress produce, then mainly expressed to develop three aspects with the merchandise economy at the military national defense construction, national public finance income.The aggressive influence that it produce is stage and unilateral, but the negative influence is long-term, and involved many different levels of the social activities.