The Thesis On The Relationship Between Military Officials And Military Posts In Sung Dynasty

In Song Dynasty,Shi-Chen(使臣)and Military Appointment(军职)belonged to different bureaucratic systems.The relationship of the division and correspondence between them mainly depends on whether the Shi-Chen is responsible for the military force and affairs.There were two times when Shi-Chen took part in the administration of the army on a large scale.The first was that Shi-Chen served as the middle and low ranking military officers in the Du-Bu-Shu(都部署)system under background of civil-military position adjustment in early Song.The other time was that Shi-Chen began to play a new role in the Jiang-Bing(将兵)and Du-Tong-Zhi(都统制)system since the implementation of Zhi-Jiang law in the Xi-ning period.In both cases,the relationship between the Shi-Chen and military posts or soldiers was quite different.In the system of Du-Bu-Shu,the relationship between them is established by Shi-Chen acting as military officers such as Bu-Shu and Qian-Xia(钤辖),and the two are in fact a temporary relationship of command which will be automatically terminated because of the system of garrison and tenure.Therefore,there are natural contractions between them.Two important examples of this conflict are that the grass-roots officers and soldiers refused to obey the supervision of Shi-Chen,and the frequency of small-scale military rebellion is very high.Since Emperor Shenzong carried out the law of setting generals,the military deployment force and establishment were adjusted and changed,and the leading role of commanding troops has changed from military officers to various types of Jiang officers.Under the new unified military system,Shi-Chen,officers and soldiers were integrated into a unit,and the two sides constantly blended,and the old barriers gradually melt away.At the joint of two Song dynasties,with the thorough formation of new army establishment and the completion of the mission-militarisation(差遣军职化),a kind of“military Shi-Chen”(诸军使臣)with the dual titles of ranks and posts was formed.Military Shi-Chen of the southern song dynasty were different from those under the management of the Board of Civil Official(吏部),because it was the result of a complete integration of Shi-Chen and Military Appointment systems.It was subordinate to military status and served as a new arrangement in the army.Enlist was its most important identity,so it was also called“Enlisted Shi-Chen”(从军使臣).What needs to be distinguished is that the remaining generals in the late northern and even the southern song dynasty,whose names are the same as those of the new posts,but it’s still a military officers which were appointed by the Privy Council(枢密院)and the Board of Civil Official.The new military posts were promoted step by step,and the power of authorization was not affected by the rank of the Shi-Chen,but in the general rather than in the selection institution.Although the assessment,promotion and issuance of identity and position certificates of Military Shi-Chen were still the responsibility of the selection institution,there were significant changes in the specific procedures.In addition,Military Shi-Chen also served as a six-class officer in all provinces,with the aim of giving preferential treatment and solicitation.With the integration of Shi-Chen into the army,the gap between them gradually disappeared,which changed the problem of the former ignorance of the two and the decentralization of unification.An efficient system of hierarchical and mutual jurisdiction has been established,which has played a positive role in training and warfare.It also led to the general of the status and treatment of general and soldiers,and the expansion of the military appointment and the military officer system.However,It invisibly brought new problems or aggravated the old ones,such as the high cost of maintaining troops all the year round,as well as the emergence of corruption phenomena such as abusing of power,black box operation,exploitation and inadequate traning.