The Analysis Of Sino-treating Policy During The Forepart Of Khrushchev' Reign

Over half a century of the cold war, the Sino-Soviet relationship experienced six different stages, including ally (1949-1953), honeymoon (1954-1957), disagreement (1958-1960), disassociation (1960-1964), antagonism (1964-1979), and establishment of healthy diplomatic relations (1980-1991). China and the former Soviet Union were two socialistic superpowers during the 1950's. The Sino-Soviet relationship formed under the reign of Khrushchev underwent the change from honeymoon to disagreement and later to disassociation and exerted profound influences on the international communist campaigns and socialist communities, and on the development of international relations.Enlightened by the materialistic view of history, the author combines history and International-Relations Theory to make a thorough analysis of the reason and influences of the readjustment of the Sino-treating policy of the former Soviet Union.The thesis is divided into three chapters.In the first chapter, the author discusses the adjustment of the Sino-treating policy of the former Soviet Union under the reign of Khrushchev. When the Soviet Union was dominated by Stalin, he adopted a double policy to China. From post Second World War to the establishment of People's Republic of China, the Sino-treating policy of the former Soviet Union had experienced the change from admitting and supporting the Kuomintang government to recognizing the Communist Party of China and the Chinese government. Later, there appeared an inequality in the confederate relationship between China and the former Soviet Union. The diplomatic policy advocated by Stalin aimed at protecting and increasing the national interest of Soviet Union. The executing of these policies had severe influences on the socialistic and even the whole world. When Khrushchev came into power in 1953, he adopted a new diplomatic policy towards China after a full consideration of the domestic and international situations of that time. The reign of Khrushchev indicated the beginning of Soviet Union's adjustment of diplomatic policy towards China. In September, 1954, Khrushchev visited China with a team. With his efforts, Soviet Union strengthened the unity and friendship with China and its friendly diplomatic policy towards China achieved a maximum of development. From that time on, the Sino-Soviet relationship entered into a stage of"honeymoon"and an all-round cooperation between China and the Soviet Union appeared.In the second chapter, the author introduced the new phrase of the Sino-Soviet relationship. Chairman Mao Zedong was very grateful to the friendly attitudes of Khrushchev to China. In return, the Communist Party of China and the Soviet-treating policy of the Chinese government also manifested full trust and cooperation. In this period, the Sino-Soviet relationship turned on a new page in terms of politics, economy, military affairs and cultural communications. Politically, China was consisted with the Soviet Union in dealing with international affairs. Besides, on the international arena, the Soviet Union firmly supported China and opposed any kind of intervention and aggression to it. Economically, the cooperation between China and the Soviet Union became more extensive, especially in the area of economy and trade. There was a synchronous development of politics and economy in China and the Soviet Union and the amount of trade between both countries tended to peak in 1959. In the military area, the strategic interest of China was identical with that of the Soviet Union. The good cooperation in military affairs between them provided foundations for the enlargement of economic communications in scope and amount. The communication in culture and technology between these two countries also got more abundant. With the increasing cooperation of them in the areas of politics and diplomacy, the cultural communication between China and the Soviet Union experienced unprecedented growth.In the third chapter, the author makes a systematic and thorough analysis of the causes for the friendly Sino-treating policy of Soviet Union to China. There were multiple causes for the changes of Sino-Soviet relationship, which had something to do with the changes of the international situations, the kind and enmity in history and conflicts in practical interest. Constrained by the domestic situations in each country, these causes are not only decided by the interest, but also dominated by the ideology of the two countries to a large degree. The author firstly makes a brief analysis of the international environment, the strength and status, the national interest, the relation pattern and contents of communication in which the Sino-Soviet relationship is formed, and summarizes the main factors that might influence the relationship among different countries. Then, she uses the level of analysis in International-Relations Theory to analyze the causes for the change of Soviet Union's Sino-treating policy on the levels of international systems, nations, and individuals, namely the influences of the cold war, the common interest shared by the two countries as well as the influences of Chairman Mao and Khrushchev. Although Khrushchev greatly readjusted the diplomatic policy of the Soviet Union and meant to mitigate the tension between it and other countries soon after he assumed the reins of government, the capitalist countries headed by the U.S. did not change their hostilities towards socialistic countries, which intensified the cold war. China and the Soviet Union had the common interest in nation, security and economy, which helped improve the relationship between the two countries. Moreover, the individual influences of Chairman Mao and Khrushchev also played an important role in the development of the Sino-Soviet relationship. The individual activities of thoughts and cognition of these two top leaders, their respective understanding and exploration of the way to the socialistic construction and progress in particular, became the decisive factor in the development of the Sino-Soviet relationship. Any momentous decision-making and change in the Sino-Soviet relationship was under the influences of their perception, emotions and even moods. It could be said that the period in which there was a deep and lasting personal friendship between Chairman Mao and Khrushchev was also the honeymoon between China and the Soviet Union. With the end of their personal friendship, the honeymoon was soon over.