The Study Of Psychological Consultant's Speech Tactics

Recent years ,with the development of psychological consultation , the internal and external researches which are related to the subject are more perfect day by day .But taking a look at the overall achievements , they all have a common point , that is , they all make the psychological theory as their theoretical base , and most of those studies are used in the teaching materials which are used to train psychological consultant . However , this article will make speech which is the most important mean in the psychological consultation course as the basic position , and make the linguistic theory as the base to search for the speech intercourse tactics which is used in the psychological consultation .The branches of linguistics , such as sociolinguistics , pragmatics , cognitive linguistics , and psycholinguistics , they all provide many theoretical bases about the relations between the speech and human thought , psychology and cognition . And those theoretical bases include the theory of how to adjust information , the principle of how to deal with information and the relevance theory . They all explain the influence to human thought , psychology and cognition which is made by speech .Most study of psychological consultation in the past make the western philosophy and psychology as their theoretical base and divide the psychological consultation into many patterns . However , this article will break these patterns to search the effective tactics from the speech which is used in psychological consultation . And all of the tactics are based on the influence by speech to human thought , psychology and cognition .By analyzing many psychological consultation cases and combining the past achievements , this article divide the psychological consultant into different roles in different psychological consultation phases , they are friends , listeners and advisers . And then this article examines the mistakes which would appear when the psychological consultants in their different roles and examines that how to avoid those mistakes by using the followed speech tactics : (1) Asking . This is an important means in psychological consultation , and the open asking is liable to the visitors to expose themselves . Then the open asking is an effective means in this course . (2) Clarifying . Its main aim is to explicit the visitor's speech messages by repeating the messages . And this tactics is conducive to develop the course smoothly . (3) Using of metaphor . If psychological consultants want to use metaphor in their speech when they find the visitor's problems , they would design an integral metaphor system first . The relation between the meanings of the sentences and the meanings of the metaphor speech are in a system , and they are not accidental or ad hoc , so the metaphor which is used in the speech will be understood by the visitors easily . The basic principles that the metaphor would produce effects are that if someone speech a express phrase which include literal meanings and relatively truth value term , that they will make people think of other meanings and other relatively truth value term . The reason why metaphor will be an effective speech tactics is that it has indirect and guiding characteristic . The indirect characteristic make the metaphor is liable to be accept by the visitors , and because of metaphor is a system ,the metaphor will not appear alone , then the series of metaphor will be liable to guide the visitors . (4) Anticipating . The moment when the psychological consultant cannot determine the visitor's problems , they can use this speech tactics . The psychological consultant can set the"problems"in the speech , if the speech can go on smoothly it means that the psychological consultant's determines are right . This speech tactics can avoid the visitor's distrust and the speech's breaking which is made by the psychological consultant's mistakes .By analyzing many psychological consultation cases and making the linguistic theory as bases , this article has sum up some speech tactics which will be used in psychological consultation . This study can not only rich the applied linguistics but also standard the psychological consultation . Then this study will be liable to perfect the grammar and the study of asking and answering by comparing the different influence from different speech styles .The subject include the linguistics and psychology , and my major study is linguistics , so I am not well acquainted with the psychology . In addition , the related cases in this articles are limited and can not have wide influence .