The Research Of Secondary Education In Beijing Area From 1901 To 1911

The establishment of Beijing modern secondary education had begun from the late Qing dynasty which the government carries out the New Policies. This article discusses the late Qing's secondary education reform in Beijing area. Including the funds, the curriculum, the teacher, the teaching material, the test, and the students' graduation and so on. In order to stress the individuality and the characteristic of Beijing secondary education development , the massive "banner-man" middle school which has Manchu nationality characteristic, has become the key point which the author studies. Although the secondary education reform has many problems, it had stepped out the first step, and established Beijing to become the national culture and education center. This article divides into five chapters.The introductory shows selected topic origin and the research significance, reviews academic history of this topic, and analysis current research condition, points out the insufficiency. Additionally, it introduces the historical material and the research technique, defines "the Beijing area" and "secondary education" to clear about the related concept.Chapter one outlines reform measures which the Qing government adopted and the national reform background. Including middle school administration and the teachers' cultivation. Especially emphasizing the main middle school establishment and their preliminary development, using forms to analysis the whole development condition of Beijing secondary education.Chapter two mainly elaborates the Beijing secondary education development, concerns on the funds, teachers' cultivation, the teachers' wage, the teaching material and the curriculum, the student source and constitution, the test and graduation as well as other teaching characteristic in that time. And outlines the female education development in the background of double-track system.Chapter three discusses two big administrative agencies which was in chargeof Beijing education—Eight-banners Study Department and Imperial InspectorsBureau, their status and the influence in that time . Their establishment impelledthe development of Beijing education, strengthened the leading role in the national education development.Chapter four is the case study, focus on the Manchu and Mongolian language school and Tibetans middle school. Specifically analysis its establishment reason and the teaching situation to reflect the entire secondary education development condition. Meanwhile, it stressed at the characteristic of education of that time in Beijing area.Chapter five makes the whole estimation to the Beijing secondary education development, points out many problems of the secondary education development in Beijing, and affirms its achievement. The secondary education of Beijing goes forward tortuously, and it had the profound influence on Beijing secondary education development in the Republic of China, even today.