The Royal Activities Of The Qing Dynasty And The Rise Of Chengde City

The research on urban history in China has made rapid progress since the 1980's. After the editing of Urban Annals in The Qing Dynasty, the grand national project, much attention has been focused on the cities of the Qing Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty is the last stage in the development history of ancient Chinese cities and the beginning period of contemporary urbanization. During this period of time, traditional cities begin their process of modernization and urbanization due to the changes happened in the domestic and external environment, which is also the focus of the urban history circle concerning the urban history of the Qing Dynasty. Compared with other cities which have just finished their task in the transformation of their role and function in the Qing Dynasty, Chengde has experienced the whole process of the rise, the development and fall of a city in the Qing Dynasty while it becomes the second national political center in the middle of this Dynasty. Chengde has occupied a special position in the history of the changes in the urban system and the urban development itself. The royal activities of the Qing Dynasty have gone through the development history of this city and remain as the influential factors in this period.On the basis of the development history of Chengde in the whole Qing Dynasty, this thesis reveals the influence of royal activities to the rise of Chengde. After manchu's invasion of the Shanhai Pass, the areas in the north of the Great Wall become the strategic scope of military and political significance to the rulers of...