The Effect Of Conitive Style And Studylevel On False Memory

False memory is remembering events that never happened ,or remembering themquite differently from the way that they happened. Ebbinghause's studies gave falsememory a quantitative base;Bartlett first conducted experiment in this field in 1932.Relatedness effect, one kind of memory illusion, refers that if one word issemantically related to previously presented words, people always falsely recognize it.Relatedness effect has great theoretical and experiential significance, systematiclaboratory researches have been gradually carried out. Deese(1959), Roediger andMcDermott(1995) induced false recall and false recognition for words that were notpresented in lists, which formed principal model named DRM model about relatednesseffect. The process of this model is that: Firstly, they have subjects study lists of somewords that were associated with a common word (called critical lure)which is thecommon word no presented. For example, list word might include "door, glass, pane,shade, ledge, sill, house, open, curtain, frame, view, breeze, sash, screen, and shutter ",thecritical lure is "window". The "window" don't presented in learning. Then askedimmediately afterward to recall the list words, subjects often report remembering havinglearned "window".The DRM model can induce the false memory in the condition of laboratory. Thispromotes the development of false memory. Present years, under the help of DRM ,psychologists studied factors influencing the false memory, which include the content oflist, test effect, space time, presenting style, warning, present time. The present timechanges the false memory by changing the study level of list. But the research on presenttime effecting false memory haven't certain conclusion. There are obviously defiancebetween the results. McDermott(2001) enlarged the range of present time and drew aconclusion that the false memory increases then falls along with the present time, whichcontains the previous results. The other factor influencing the level of study is learningnumber. The previous research can't have certain effects on the false memory. So it isnecessary that studying the factors of present time and learning number, then discuss themechanism influencing false memory of them.Using the DRM model ,this experiments study false memory of thefield-dependence and field-independence, then explore the effects on false memory ofpresent time and learning number, and advise how to reduce the false memory.The research material is chose 15 lists from the 35 lists of Roediger and McDermott(1995),which was redacted by Zhou Chu and Yang Zhiliang. The lists was presents onthe computer. The research controls the study level by operating the learning number andpresent time. The research includes two experiments. Experiment 1 study the effect ofFDI, presentation duration and relatedness on false memory. The design of theexperiment was a 2(cognitive style: FD;FI)×2(presentation duration:20ms, 1000ms ,2000ms ) × 2 ( relatedness : high , middle , none ) mixed factorial that included thebetween-subjects variables of FDI and the within-subject variable of presentationduration, relatedness. Experiment 2 study the effect of FDI, number of study andrelatedness on false memory. The design of the experiment was a 2(cognitive style:FD;FI)×2(number of presentation : one , two , three ) × 2 ( relatedness : high , middle ,none )mixed factorial that included the between-subjects variables of FDI and thewithin-subject variable of number of number of study , relatedness.The results indicated:(1)In the condition of high level relatedness, the marks of FDand FI are different ,the mark of FI is obvious more than FD.(2) The effect ofpresentation duration and number of study is different. The mark of false memory onpresentation duration produces a U-shaped pattern. The mark of false memory on numberof presentations declined with increasing of number of presentation.(3)The main effect ofrelatedness is obvious, which result in the difference of false memory on every condition.These findings have important implications for theory research and practicalappliance. In theory, they widen the field of False Memory and cognitive style research.In practice, they can help people improve their level of False Memory.