| There in life exist various moral conflicts. What is more puzzling is that moral principles are so contrary and unidentified that people have difficulty in making their choices. One of the tasks of Macintyre's moral philosophy is to deeply disclose and mercilessly animadvert on western contemporary moral theories, which consist of the theme of the book After Virtue. What kind of values should I choose? Is it possible to have a kind of values as a recognized one? Is it necessary to a kind of values of recognized orientation? There, hidden behind various views is this tendency, that is, what Macintyre called emotionalism. With modernity as it background, emotionalism establishes its allegation on such a base that it is a failure to supply a reasonable argumentation for any objective morality, whether in the past or at the present. Therefore, emotionalism eliminates any practical difference between manipulating social relations and non-manipulating ones. With the recognized orientations lost and after all kinds of thoughts of values, people seem to have given up seeking a kind of recognized orientation. So, personal judgment, including the choosing orientation of the view of values and the view of life being separate from the whole society, is wholly private. Society, or state, ought to be a "neutral and authoritative orientation". This perspective reflects such an idea that it is impossible to seek one's happiness when society takes a discriminating attitude towards the life goals which people consider most valuable, and people want to live a good life. Macintyre himself identifies with Aristotle's ethics and Christia telos-nmonotheism its monotheist frame. However, what function on earth does such a frame carry out? The concept of "the would-be man after realizing its own true purpose "means what should be done or what a person you want to be. It means that he may lead to his true purpose in such conditions. Macintyre criticizes the unrecognized orientation of emotionalism, excavates an Aristotle-like teleological ethics in the ancient tradition, establishes an inevitable relation between end and virtue, and talks about ethics by means of a kind of functional concept. Macintyre's masterpiece After Virtue puts up an obvious judgment that "the moral designation of the Enlightenment has failed. "In his opinion, the cause of its failure lies in that the historical teleological elements in moral system are abandoned, and that the rights of the individual are not supported with any idea of good and can't be understood. Teleology is as the explanation principle of a kind of everything in the world, it is based on purpose to explain the characteristic or behavior of the thing to point. The explanation way in a standard for selection under the guidance of a certain values on being deeper. Thus, the contemporary morality has become a debate in which exists no objectivity or orientation. In the 18th century morals philosopher want for oneself according to unique morals faith that opinion receive of human nature while looking for the reasonable foundation, have inheritted the prohibition of a suit of morals and human nature concept obviously inconsistent with this kind of prohibition also, --this kind of prohibition and human nature concept are destined in advance from the day of producing not to accord with . The inconsistency have because they revise oneself faith to the human nature disappear . Have inheritted some incomplete chapter parts inconsistent in their once unanimous thought and system of the behavior; Because they can not know the environment of unique history and culture that oneself is in, can't leave compassable and lucky to scold the characteristic of the Germany type hall of task that oneself stipulate on them.And the characteristic of the debate is that it is endless. The moral system is the case, which is different from the Kant-Rawls "self-principle"system. On the contrary, Macintyre traces to Aristotle and puts forward "the chanciness humanity—— the reasonable ethical commandment——t...
|
PDF Full Text Request