The Influence Of The Remaining System On The Local Society In The Qing Dynasty: For Example HuBei

The system of the delivering and the remaining was an important content of the public finance system in the Qing Dynasty, and was the concrete institution that dealed with the ralationship of the central finance and the local finance . The first part of this thesis is on the relationship between the central government and the local government . During the Qing Dynasty, the public finance system was extremely centralized . On the relationship between the central and the local government , the central finance was placed in the monopolized position , and insuring it was the dominant task in the whole national financial affairs. Therefore, when fiscal levy was devided into the delivering and the remaining, the comparison of the remaining was very low . In the early Qing Dynasty, particularly during the Shunzhi and Kangxi reigns, the central government often cut the remaining and added the delivering . After the medium-term of the Qing Dynasty, the central government no longer cut the remaining on a large scale . But the comparison of the remaining was very low . This phenomenon resulted in the lack for finance to the local government. This kind of the remaining system had profound influence on the local society .The second part is on the relationship among all the local governments in three administrative classes . On the one hand , the government in the state and county had to undertake some financial burden of two upper class governments . Of course , the government of the state and county also asked for financial subsidies from the superior government. On the other hand , the superior governments often snatched the finance of the state-and county by the political right . The government of the state and county always counterplotted to avoid being snatched .In the third part , the local financial construction is analysed in detail on the base of the state and county in Hubei province . This work is done from three aspects : the quantity of the remaining ,the management to the local finance , and the local financial expenditure . There were many problems : The comparison of thelocal remaining was low , and the quantity of the remaining was little .Under the shortage of the remaining ,the distribution of the local financial expenditure was not reasonable .At the same time ,the managemant of the local public finance was inefficient.In the fourth part, the adverse influence of the remaining system on the local society is anatomized . This system of remaining was disadvantageous to the farsighted development of the local society . Firstly , it brought about political corruption . To make up for financial deficits , the local officials corrupted and bribed commonly . Secondly, the function of the local government was apt to shrinking . Due to insufficient finance , the local government could not mange and develop efficiently the local society . Thirdly , the public service business in the local could not make progress because of the serious shortage of funds . So these factors were disadvantageous to the whole development and complete improvement of the local social economy .This thesis regards Hubei province as an example ,and studys the remaining system of the Qing Dynasty in details. The condition in Hubei is typical to certain extent.