Study On The Psychology Of The Official Career Of Du Fu

Du Fu is always believed a embodiment of the thought of the Confucianists because his kindheartedness of being concerned about his country and his people was kept for life. However, if we carefully read the whole poems of Du Fu, we will find that as a traditional literati, his thought is inevitably influenced by other thoughts. In this paper the author tries to investigate the complex of DuFu's thoughts from the angle of the change of his psychology of official career and comprehend the psychology condition of the traditional literati of China from that.Chapter one expounds the positive psychology of seeking official of Du Fu. First, three motive forces of seeking of Du Fu is analyzed: the family responsibility of bringing honor to his ancestors and making his family reputation felt once again, the Confucianist dogma of a good scholar making an official and no justice, no official; the historical mission of meeting a sacred ruler and making the custom pure. Second, The hard course of seeking official of Du Fu is analysed: the pain of seeking official firstly, the humiliation of seeking official in Chang An, the selflessness of being an official in war.Chapter two expounds the psychology of Du Fu's having no choice except resigning. There are three parts in this chapter. The first part traces back to the course of psychology accumulate of the idea of resigning official before Tang Dynasty. From the classical works of the Confucianist and the Taoist , it, the theoretical grounds of the principle of the ways of conducting oneself in society that the China literati pursue when they are frustrated in official career, is found. And the identification attitude of the representative literati before Tang Dynasty to this principle is studied. The second part analyses the reasons of Du Fu's resigning official: one is Du Fu's losing his trust for the emperor, from intimate to estranged to departing for the emperor hopelessly. Another is compelled by the evil political surroundings. All that he saw and heard after helping Fang Guan made him realize the insidious, sinister of villains, made him lose warmth and produce the fear sense for the official career. He is not only reluctant to do a meaningless sacrifice, but also disdain to wallow in the mire with the sinister villains, the only road is to leave his position. The third part expounds the form of expression of the psychology of his resigning official: first, the psychology of protecting himself far from the harm. It can be seen from most of poems of Du Fu, especially some poems ofsinging of things after the second year of Qian Yuan ,the idea of protecting himself far from the harm occupies a considerable share in the later period thoughts of Du Fu. Which is one of his important reasons that spur him to resign his official initiatively. Second, the psychology of pursuing independence and freedom. Gradually influenced by era atmosphere, Du Fu possesses the character of the romantic, unruly, and pursuing independence and freedom from childhood that only the literati of the Prosperous Tang have. This psychology is reflected in his poems both the early and the later years. Third, the psychology of resigning himself to his fate. Both the Confucianist and the Taoist ever raise to dispel the heart burden in heart with the psychology of trusting to luck. Which becomes a anesthetic the later literati often use when they suffer the difficult position of life. Du Fu had to acknowledge the irresistible of the fate after experienced lots of frustrations and hardship, and be content with the arrangement of the fate. Which is typically embodies in the translation of the angle that Du Fu look closely at Zhu Ge-liang's life at different stages. Forth, the psychology of nihility. Being influenced by thought of both the Buddhism and Taoism, the traditional literati also dispel the pain of life with the nihility attitude. Du Fu also accepts this made of thinking and his poems often reveals the the psychology of nihility.Chapter three expounds the life tragedy of the traditional literati of China is thought from the psychology of Du Fu's official career. Being restrained by the idea of "loyal to the ruler" of the Confucianist, the traditional literati always devote their loyal to the ruler with honor permits no turning back, even at the cost of sacrifice themselves, and not care about the ruler's unfeeling and oppression and exploitation for them. Which is one of the important reasons the tragedy of their life. The realization pattern of the life value of making an official that the Confucianist proposes is another importantreason the tragedy of life of the Chinese literati, "reading book--making an official "becomes a realization way of themselves value that every ancient literati of China looked forward to. However, all imperfect kinds of systems of examination and making use of personnel that the ancient society of China had inherently often made most of literati merely walk back and forth beside the official career or the edge of it and fall into disuse. Which becomes the inescapable and universal tragedy of life of the Chinese literati.In short, although Du Fu don't forget being concerned about his country and his people for life, represent the claim of the Confucianist thought for the literati typically;...