Zhang Jiuling And The Style Of Poems And Essays In The Cross-over Period Of Early And High Tangs

Zhang Jiuling is a statesman and a man of letters in the turning time between initial Tang Dynasty and the flourishing period. He is the key man for the reformation of the type of writing. The present writer want to show his contributions for the type reformation of poems by analyzing the life experience, political ideas and literary writings and combining with the evolution of the formal public morals, customs and the type of poems from initial Tang Dynasty to the flourishing period. The present writer also want to draw the outline of the developing process of poems by analyzing his view of writing and his poems. First Unit: Zhang Jiuling and the politics of High Tang period.Zhang Jiuling made a great contribution to the state as the Prime Minister of the initial state. Part one, Zhang Jiuling's lofty quality and good political career made affirmative influence on the formation of the trend of thought which is "does'nt bend to dignitry". Part two, in the "dispute between the intellectuals and the officials", Zhang Jiuling insisted on electing officials by their talent on literature. Many intellectual entered into political field because of his recommendation, which boosted the booming of literature of Tang Dynasty. Second Unit: Zhang Jiuling and the style of High Tang period.Zhang Jiuling tried his best to promote intellectuals as the Prime Minister and the leader in the circle of poets. He made friends with Meng Haoran, Wang Wei, Lu Xiang, Huangpu Ran and other poets. He advocated renewing the tradition of stating one's views out the world frankly. His workings itself reflected his position that he was against the trend of using too many flowery languages.Part one, Literary creation of Zhang Jiuling. His literary creation can be classified into two types that is poems and essays. The present writer try to make an on-the-spot investigation on his poem creation by analyzing the poems of hills and rivers, the poems of expressing the motion of departing, royal poetic, the poems of voicing feelings and try to research the spiritual further of the poems in High Tang period. The poems of hillsand rivers of Zhang Jiuling's actively presented the graceful rivers and mountains and also express his highly noble-minded hart. The style is so pure and natural that the school of delicate poets is becoming. The poem of farewell dinner is a tool of the poet to show his innermost being and feelings and actively display the poet's soul. The royal poetic is an ode to grand era and imperial merits and virtues. It is the register of political situation of that time. His political stand made positive influence on the changing of the mental attitude of the intellectual in High Tang. The poem of voicing feelings reflect the literary excellence and the vigorous style of Jian An and show the poet's loft sentiment and political aspiration. These kind poems of Zhang Jiuling's play an active role on changing the florid style. Comparing with Chen Zi'ang, his aesthetic conceptions are more pure and actual.The writings of Zhang Jiuling go deep into many aspects of the society, such as politics, economy, milita, national relations and so on.Part Two, The cultural intension of "Jiuling Grace" relies mainly on Confusianism. Confusianism and Taorism, just as the relation between holding personality and helping the world, are complementary each other, which constitute two sides of the body of Zhang Jiuling's cultural value orientation, making him face the gain and loss wisely in his life, forming the naturally and neutrally cultural psychology and the debonair "Jiuling Grace". This kind of value orientation and aesthetics pursuing puts a direct influence on the aesthetic ideal and the poem creation of the literators at High Tang stage.Part Three, the initiative status of Zhang Jiuling in culture. He summoned lots of talents by the status of the famous minister, meanwhile, he constructed the loose environment for the building of the culture of Tang dynasty. The numerous literators had been encouraged, vocatived and impelled, abundant pre...