The Calls Of The Earth: Human And Nature In The 19th And 20th Centuries Anglo-American Literarure

The issue of ecosystem has been one of the world's most emergency problem in today's society. Accordingly, "Ecoliterature" which emphasizes the relationship of human and nature, appeals for the preservation and protection of the ecosystem has been the hot point of people. "Ecocriticism", which developed in the 1970s, is the reflection to the phenomenon in the literary theories circle.The field of view of orthodox Ecocriticism mainly focuses on the non-fiction, prosaic literary texts which have ecological self-consciousness, emphasis on the natural environment. The author considers that this range of the texts has limited the further development of Ecoliterature. The rich illustration and deduction of the relationship of human-nature-culture in Western literature has deeply imprinted on the growth and development of the ecological thoughts. It is important to make further exposure and usage of the resources. Hence the non-prosaism texts, which do not contain the ecological self-consciousness, delineating the interlaced environment of nature and society or even belonging to the "anti-Ecoliterature" absolutely can be brought into the field of Ecocriticism in a proper way. This paper is a try of enlarging the visual threshold of Ecocriticism.The structure of this paper is as follows. First make an outline review of the evolution of Western conceptions on nature. Continuously, some detailed arrangements are made on the relationship between human and nature in European literature history before the 20th century, then main focuses are on the analysis of the texts about human and nature, therefore the ecological ethics and value are exposed. This paper categorizes these texts into four typical types which includes "Arcadia", "Sad melody of heroes", "Road of returning to native place", "Thinking of green". Finally, in contrast with Eastern, some discussions are made on the relationship of human and nature in traditional oriental culture. Appeals the modern Chinese writers to respond "the calls of the earth" and bring the literature of China into an era of Ecology.