Study On The Costal Defense Of Shan Dong In The Late Qing Dynasty

The historical development process of human society is closely linked with sea. Today, with the high-speed development of world science and technology and the gradually intense maritime competition, the sea countries have attached more and more importance to the costal defense. In order to meeting the needs of the situation, the academic circles have taken the study of the costal defense as a significant task. The humiliation of the Late Qing Dynasty begins with the complete collapse of southeast costal defense, so it has very important academic value for the seeing about the overall historical appearance to study the costal defense of the Late Qing Dynasty. So far, the academic circles have gotten significant accomplishment in the whole research on the costal defense of the Late Qing Dynasty, but have not paid enough attention to the costal defense of Shan Dong in the Late Qing Dynasty. In view of this, the thesis tries hard to make a systematic study of the costal defense of Shan Dong on the base of rich and reliable materials, so as to clear the historical appearance of the Late Qing Dynasty, and to probe into the developing train and the times feature of the nation-wide costal defense, which fills some academic blanks and reinforces some academic weak links.The question of "costal defense" touches on quite far-ranging aspects, including costal environment, costal body, costal object, costal task, costal instrument and manner, and the effect that costal defense has on the society and so on, which makes the research category of "costal defense" rather broad. The specific contents of the costal defense changes with the evolvement of the times, so there are different keystones in the specific study of "costal defense" in different periods. According to this, after seeing about the relative issues across-the-board in accordance to the relative materials, the thesis mainly studies the aspect of specific costal instrument and manner namely "costal measures" which were taken by the Late Qing Dynasty central government and the Shan Dong local government which took resisting the intrusion of the foreign force and safeguarding the capital and the coastal areas of Shan Dong as the central task.Taking the full and accurate materials as the basis, the thesis traces back down to the historical general situation of Shan Dong s costal defense before the Opium War, clears the costal defense appearance of Shan Dong in the two different history periods of the two Opium War and the Western Affairs Movement, explores the mutual relation between the Shan Dong s costal defense and the social changes in the Late Qing Dynasty. In specifically speaking, by tracing back down to the general condition of Shan Dong s costal defense before the First Opium War ,the thesis researches into the history sources, defense objects and the by-nature traditional factors which restricted the Shan Dong s costal defense; by the particular discussion on the specific measures and their effect and times feature which were taken by the Shan Dong's governor Tuo Hunbu during the First Opium War ,by making the comprehensive examining on the starting ,speciflc contents and their practice degree of Shan Dong s costal defense construction after theFirst Opium War, by the deep discussion on the serious coastal areas crisis, the dealing measures taken by Shan Dong local government and the localization characters of the measures, the thesis opens out the deep history roots which made the Shan Dong s costal defense in the lagging state all along during the two Opium War; by the detailed discussion on the specific labors, history characteristic, and history effect of Shan Dong s costal defense prepared and constructed by Ding Baozhen, on the specific measures and their history characteristic of Shan Dong s costal defense taken by the Qing Dynasty central government and the Shan Dong local government during the Sino-French War, on the specific labors, history characteristic, and history effect of Shan Dong s costal defense prepared and constructed by Li Hong Zhan...