Research On Coastal Defense Construction Of Hainan Island In Late Qing Dynasty

Hainan Island as the second largest island in China is the southern gateway to vast territory.Coast defense of Hainan Island is of vital strategic importance in our coastal defense system due to the special geographical position.As the special period in the late Oing Dynasty,it was the beginning of modern Chinese history,was also the time when Chinese and western concept of ocean collision.China faced a serious maritime crisis during this period.The government finally embarked on the exploration of the construction of coast defense after several wars,which also meant the beginning of the modern defense transformation.Hainan Island is faced with serious invasion and conflict of foreign enemies due to of unique strategic position.The government had to adjust the coastal defense policy,and thus began the construction of the coastal defense of Hainan Island in the late Qing Dynasty.First of all,this paper analyzes the administrative organization and geographical situation of Hainan Island,so as to have a deeper understanding of Hainan Island's coastal defense status.Secondly,this paper expatiates on the general situation of Hainan Island sea defense in the Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty,so as to understand the history of coastal defense of Hainan Island.Thirdly,this paper analyzes the coastal defense thoughts and the situation of the internal and external coastal defense of Hainan Island of the late Qing Dynasty to explore the deep reasons for the construction of Hainan Island.Fourthly,this paper systematically sorted out and analyzed the coastal defense construction of Hainan Island in the late Qing Dynasty from the aspects of coastal defense equipment and coastal defense fortifications.In the end,this paper focuses on the contribution of Zhang Zhidong during his reign over Guangdong to the coastal defense of Hainan Island has done the detailed research,and makes a more comprehensive exploration of the coastal defense construction of Hainan Island in the late Qing Dynasty from different angles.