| The New Policies adopted by the Qing Dynasty in late Qing period is an important special subject in the research of Chinese modern history.The study of regional new policies is a realm that more needs to be scooped out. The New Policies adopted by the Qing Dynasty in late Qing period toward Guangxi Province hasn't been explored into so far .Thus the deep and systematic research on Guangxi's "New Policies" is not only of important theoretical meaning ,but also of realistic meaning to the development of China's Borderland under the way. In 1901, the Qing government promulgated the important edicts to carriy out the New Policies ,which involve such realm as economy, military, culture and education. After Sino-French war, Qing government faced increasingly difficulties in governing Guangxi Province due to the increased aggression by French and the serious social crisies of Guangxi. all quarters of society worried about the situation ,appealing for the reform in Guangxi. So, it was more urgent To carried out the New Policies in Guangxi under such situation.As a borderland of China, Guangxi was obviously different from other province in such aspects as geographic position, nature resource , humanity customs etc. the "New policies" carried out effectively should be firstly congsidered the reality of Guangxi. Among the provincial governors in Guangxi ,Zhang, Ming-qi ,governing Guangxi for 4 years ,whose "New Policies" thought was the most outstanding. From the historical reality that Guangxi located in frontier and its resources was rich ,but it's people intelligence wasn't developed , Zhang, Ming-qi put forward his thoughts of planning the overall situation of the border defense as a whole ,developing the industry and exploring the people' s intelligence.All these thoughts helped to carry out the "New Policies" and make a progress in Guangxi.The New Policies of Guangxi experienced three stages:before Zhang, Ming-qi ,the New Policies just took first steps, the content of the New Policies were an enlargement of the degree of restructuring the administration of local afficials, establishing new police and armies, and founding specialized organization, and promulgating regulations surrounding education, industry etc. But the result of above measures weren't great and they became formalistic.During Zhang, Ming-qi period, the New Policies was completely carried out and many ways belonged to blazing new trails in Guangxi,such as founding consultant bureau and preparing to host the local self-government etc. At the same time, Zhang, Ming-qi also creatively promoted the education reform,organized and trained new armies,and develop the industry etc. During the period, New Policies show achieved some results in some aspects, for the education reform was rapid progress, and local self- government walked in front of other provinces in China. While some couldn't be practically carried out, for example, the building of raiload was much said but little done,even an inch of raiload wasn't laid in Guangxi. after Zhang, Ming-qi, the New Policies was mainly aroundthe movement to founding a constitutional government Guangxi consultant bureau, and proceeding many legislative activities for promoting New Policies , taking part in three petition activities for an early founding a progress. The New Policies of Guangxi Province laid emphasis on developing in the education, breaking through the custom, developing in industry and enriching people to strenthen border defense.,preparing to arrange military affairs and consolidating the border defense. above thought, the adminstrators of Guangxi, actively coordinated with the central government and firmly carried out the New Policies. They fixed attention on developing the people intelligence, strongly ushered in the talented person, extensively invited the capitals ,and actively opened modern banks and organized modern police. These was the reflecting of new policies special features of Guangxi Privince.Compared with the whole nation, the time of The New Policies implemented in G...
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