Research On Foreign Relations In Late Qing Dynasty Based On The Operation Of Yangwu Bureau

In modern times, when the continuation of traditional civilization of China meet the modern West. The two different system mutual in poles focused and conflicted for the diplomatic rights. It was in this collided and blended of the traditional that the Qing government of the traditional tributary system was gradually collapsed and the foreign right was moved down gradually. All those due to forming a new external system. In this process, The Qing government's diplomat system was changed accordingly. In the center, The Qing government established the department which monopolized all Sino-foreign bargaining affairs, And established the trade minister of the Northern and Southern as a auxiliary institutions to deal with some major foreign Sino-foreign bargaining affairs. In the provinces, Institutions of foreign affair begin adjusting to it yet:First, The Xun Dao,who charge for the province's affairs and manage customs, also holds the regulatory tariffs and part of foreign affairs, Second, The other imperial in spectors established local Sino-foreign bargaining institutions that not incorporate the local official government, in order to handle with the specific Sino-foreign bargaining.This paper make the local Foreign Affairs Bureau as the research direction. It as the eastern coastal complicated diplomacy affairs provinces established Sino-foreign bargaining bureau a beginning. Making the individual provinces (Gansu) as a case. It has systematic discussed Sino-foreign bargaining bureau about it establishment, evolution and development activities in details. Thus to reveal the Bureau's founded although weakened the Qing government's unified central authoritarian rule to a certain extent, the timely establishment of the Sino-foreign bargaining Bureau is an appropriate manner in reducing friction with the foreign representations, and it had played an important role in promoting local modern construction. This article was establishment Sino-foreign bargaining Bureau as a mirror, reflects the conflicts between China and foreign how the local modern diplomatic system and local modernization construction could throng shambled in to the modernization tide of the world.