A Study Of Guozijijiu In The Ming Dynasty

"Jijiu" referring to a ritual ceremony gradualy evolved a title for the elderly, and developed into school offical in the Han Dynasty. "Guozijijiu"came into being in the reign of Emperor Wu Jin, and it had been used in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In order to consolidate rule, Guozixue which was established by Zhu Yuanzhang and renamed Guozijian in Hongwu fifteen years (1382) formed a complete management system.Rulers of Ming attached great importance to select top official, Jijiu, in Guozijian. Most of Jijiu selected were famous Confucians, jinshi and hanlin.The central government of Ming mostly selected Jijiu from Guozijian, Hanlinyuan, Zhanshifu, Taichangsi, Libu,Tixueguan etc.The paper anlyzes respectively about distributions, characteristics,duties, treatments,evaluations and promotions of Guozijijiu.The effectiveness of governing Guozijian was the touchstone of due diligence and their capacity of managment. Jijiu in the early Ming Dynasty, like Song Ne, Li Shimian and so on, fulfiled their obiligations dutifully, and the effectiveness was bigger. Because of obtaining a government post in reward for paying money in vogue,shortening Jijiu's tenure and other reasons in the middle and late Ming Dynasty,even if Jijiu revitalized Guozijian by any means possibly, they couldn't reverse the situation that the style became worse day by day. Although Jijiu strictly constrained the students of Guozijian by system, they cared for students like their children.They obtained loyal support of students, regarded building Guozijian as one of their important responsibilities.Jijiu devoted to improving educational work, in the other hand they actively participated in politics and offerred suggestions.They cultivated a large number of personnels to consolidate the Ming Dynasty and contributed to social development in culture and academic.