The Research Of Income And Living Conditions Of Workers In Chongqing During Anti-Japanese War

Social class or social group of research has been focusing on the social history of an important aspect. From the birth of the working class early before the founding of New China, the living conditions of workers in very different at various stages. As the wartime capital of Chongqing, the income and living conditions of workers, wartime rear area is a typical representative. According to statistics from the social point of view of the history of groups of workers in Chongqing during the War of income and living conditions of the study to research workers in Chongqing during the life of the case is.On the general situation of workers: a larger number of workers in Chongqing during the war, both in the rear and the country accounts for a higher proportion of large number of factories in the Inland nurtured a large number of industrial workers, to become an important source of workers in Chongqing. Sources in the geographical distribution of workers to a maximum of Sichuan Province, but the foreign workers have occupied a certain scale. Male workers are usually divided during the war, women, child labor three categories, the proportion of war-time structure of the relative imbalance of male and female workers, also appeared during this period a large number of child labor. As factors of physical condition and technical requirements, distribution of male and female workers in various industries have very different situations, male and more distributed in the machinery industry, smelting industry and other heavy industry and Ordnance Factories, and female workers in the textile industry has an absolute advantage in the number of . As a special period of war, Chongqing, lower the age threshold for workers to work. Working families in Chongqing, the age distribution of the population, age structure and distribution of the 9 years of age range of 30 to 39 years the largest number, and this is consistent with wartime needs of young age structure of the labor force.Wage income of workers is generally divided into true and false revenue income, real income of all wage income of ordinary workers account for a higher proportion of false distress of life when income workers is important to rely on to maintain a normal life. Workers with the same period compared to Shanghai, Chongqing, the real income of workers in the total income higher than major, see separate wage, Shanghai worker's family income of the wife and children far more than Chongqing, Chongqing, workers of the parents that heavy burden, a source of livelihood to many families rely on an adult male. Chongqing, the pressure of life of workers in Shanghai than in the same period, large workers. Two false income working families, the workers leave Shanghai and income sources of income than the workers in Chongqing. Income other than wages, Shanghai have to far more than Chongqing. The income disparities and the city's modern cities in wartime development consistent.As the war intensified, the real income of the people of Chongqing area dropped significantly, wartime economy is in a unique "Naotidaogua" phenomenon, Chongqing, small civil servants, teachers and mental rather than the workers, peasants and other laborers is lower . Income of workers between industries and enterprises due to the nature of work benefits have a big gap between the different, even the same industry because of proficiency, length of service and other factors have a big gap. Wage income of male and female workers than male workers in general is much higher than female workers. Employment rate, female employment situation is not optimistic.In real life, the workers, the worsening war situation makes all kinds of living materials shortages, soaring inflation, currency devaluation. However, instead of Chongqing, the relative decline in wages, making the lives of working families facing a serious situation. In everyday life, working families can not fully solve the problem of food and clothing, all kinds of working families in Chongqing consumption data, food expenditures account for some of the more than seven tenths. Worker's family staple food to rice, supplemented by sweet potatoes, and meat, fish and eggs, high-calorie foods are low purchasing power of workers much less. In terms of human nutritional requirements for normal, Chongqing worker's family in addition to normal carbohydrate and normal intake of iron minerals, the other is the relative lack of, in particular a serious lack of calcium and fat. Working families also plain simple dress mainly single color. To save expenses, workers often buy their own hand-made cloth and clothing. Workers are mainly in the housing to a maximum of tile, many working families without home ownership, can only rely on rental housing or factories. Chongqing branch chore workers, accounting for only seven per cent of all living expenses, involving education, health care, tobacco and alcohol, communication, entertainment, snacks, transportation and traveling together, only 34% of the total number of miscellaneous expenditure, we can see war Workers at a low level of family life. With the working class grew stronger, to improve the quality of life, improve working conditions, has initiated a number of the working class struggle, both against the bourgeoisie, but also to a certain fight for their own interests. Workers in the leadership struggle, the masses of the Communist Party of growing. Wartime national government to the working class to the concern and attention, in order to appease the working class, strong social rule, has introduced coordination on labor, labor, labor movement, and many other policies, to some extent inspired worker productivity, the corresponding to ease the wartime labor class contradictions. However, the national government's motive is to control the working class, which has its class limitations.