| Chronic diseases are common childhood diseases, and the development of the medical science has saved many children's lives, this may also result in more children having to meet the challenges of chronic diseases. As one source of crisis or pressure, chronic diseases play a part in the progress of growth and development of children, affecting the mentality and response of them. Studies show that the possibility of children with chronic diseases developing behavior problems was twice higher than that of the normal. As we know, undesirable psychological state and emotional response may have an adverse effect on the diseases. However, there were some children who were not influenced by the diseases. What's more, they developed well. These children are called'children with high resilience'. What are the reasons? What factors are protecting them? How could the children make full use of the nearby resources to response the critical incidents?This study tried to explore the protective factors of resilience of children with chronic diseases from the perspective of positive psychology. The study included two parts:the first part was to screen the children with high or low resilience, finding out the current development of the resilience of children with chronic diseases, and the second part was to explore the protective factors of resilience of children with chronic diseases.Part I:the current development of the resilience of children with chronic diseasesObjective:To screen the children with high or low resilience, to find out the current development of the resilience of children with chronic diseases.Method:262 children with chronic diseases between the ages of 9 and 16 as well as their parents were investigated, using basic data questionnaire, CODI and CBCLResults:60(22.9%) children with high resilience were screened out and included in the High Resilience Group. And 54(20.6%) with low resilience were included in the Low Resilience Group. The difference tests of demography showed that there was significant difference in the region of residence, the careers of their parents and the educational levels of their fathers between the two groups (P<0.05). Nevertheless there was no significant difference in gender, age, singleton child or their mothers' educational levels (P>0.05). There was also no significant difference in types of diseases or duration of the disease (P>0.05).Conclusions:The factors such as gender, age, singleton child, types of diseases, the duration of the disease or their mothers' educational levels are not the influencing factors of children's resilience. The region of residence which the children live, the careers of their parents and their father's educational levels are influencing factors for children's resilience.Partâ…¡:the protective factors of the resilience of children with chronic diseasesObjectives:In order to explore the differences in protective factors of resilience between the higher resilience group and the lower resilience group, combine with the results of interview to extract protective factors of resilience for children with chronic diseases.Methods:To investigate the higher resilience group and the lower resilience group with HKRA. Deep interview was applied among 11 children with chronic diseases, and theme analysis was used for the analysis of data(P>0.05).Results:There was significant difference between the two groups in high family expectation, family equality and freedom, concern from relatives, caring from teachers, intimate peer relationship, high peer expectation, target and ambition, problem solving and self-efficacy, social competence and self-awareness(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in active participation at school or in society. What's more, more protective factors were extracted from the deep interview, such as caring from parents, financial support from communities, attitudes of medical staff, assistance from ward-mates, gratitude and reward as well.Conclusions:By combining qualitative and quantitative methods, we can conclude that the external protective factors consist of caring from parents, concern from relatives, high family expectation, family equality and freedom, caring of teachers, financial support from school, intimate peer relationship, peer solicitude and help, high peer expectation, caring from neighborhood, financial support from community, attitudes of medical staff and assistance from ward-mates. And internal protective factors include self-evaluation, self-efficacy, gratitude and reward, wishes and advice to children suffering from illness, social competence, self-awareness, target and ambition, pleasant emotion as well as problem-solving competence.Suggestions:1. Parents of the children with chronic diseases should spend more time with their children, provide constant care and trust, respect their children, encourage them to contact with the fellows and develop their own interests, provide them with freedom and believe that the children have the ability to solve their own problems.2. At school, teachers should know more about the children, more communication with them, make full use of their interests and targets to inspire their internal motivation for study. Furthermore, their classmates should provide help when the children are not in mood.3. The staff should have a good attitude when communicating with the children. They should make detailed explanation when answering the questions of the children and their patients. It's suggested that the departments carry out education to the children and their parents about the diseases to help the children deal with their diseases by themselves.4. Our study showed that there was a significant difference between the children in city and the children in countryside. This may due to the low educational level of their parents, no steady work and low income. All this needs the society to find out ways to reduce the dangerous factors and strengthen the protective ones. It's advanced that the society should focus on the poor children with chronic diseases, because they do not have enough money to pay for their treatment.
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